N2O and NO emissions by agricultural soils with low hydraulic potentials

Garrido, Françis; Hénault, Catherine; Gaillard, Hervé; Perez, Sarah; Germon, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(01)00172-9

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The most important sources of NO x is fossil fuel combustion in power stations and vehicles (45%-67% of the total) (Denman et al, 2007;Kasibhatla et al, 1993) followed by lightning (5%-16%) and biomass burning (13%-29%) with the biogenic emission from soil (either natural or under agriculture) accounting for between 10% and 40% of the total (Davidson and Kingerlee, 1997;Denman et al, 2007). Nitrification has G. T. Feig et al: Soil biogenic emissions of NO long been considered the main source for NO from the soil (Conrad, 1996;Coyne, 1999;Davidson et al, 1993;Garrido et al, 2002;Remde et al, 1989;Russow et al, 2000;Russow et al, 2008;Stehfest and Bouwman, 2006;Tabachow et al, 2001). The proportion of nitrified N emitted as NO has been shown to range between 0 and 2.5% of the total N involved in nitrification (Garrido et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrification has G. T. Feig et al: Soil biogenic emissions of NO long been considered the main source for NO from the soil (Conrad, 1996;Coyne, 1999;Davidson et al, 1993;Garrido et al, 2002;Remde et al, 1989;Russow et al, 2000;Russow et al, 2008;Stehfest and Bouwman, 2006;Tabachow et al, 2001). The proportion of nitrified N emitted as NO has been shown to range between 0 and 2.5% of the total N involved in nitrification (Garrido et al, 2002). While it is known that soil processes are responsible for a sizable proportion of the global NO x budget, there is considerable uncertainty about exactly how much.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the soil moisture is too low to maintain microbial activity there are very low levels of NO emitted (Garrido et al, 2002;Meixner et al, 1997) and when soil moisture level are too high to maintain aerobic conditions, the emission of NO is negligible (Skopp et al, 1990). The optimal emission of NO seems to occur at low soil moisture levels, but where microbial activity can still take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil biogenic emissions of nitric oxide from a semi-arid savanna in South Africa

2008

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Abstract. Soils of arid and semi-arid ecosystems are important biogenic sources of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO), however, there is still a shortage of measurements from these systems. Here we present the results of a laboratory study of the biogenic emission of NO from four different landscape positions of the Kruger National Park (KNP), a large conservation area in a semi-arid region of South Africa. Results show that the highest net potential NO fluxes come from the low lying (footslope) landscape regions, which have the largest nitrogen stocks and highest rates of nitrogen input into the soil. Net potential NO fluxes from midslope and crest regions were considerably lower. The maximum release of NO occurred at fairly low soil moisture contents of 10%-20% water filled pore space. Using soil moisture and temperature data obtained in situ at the Kruger National Park flux tower site, net potential NO fluxes obtained in the laboratory were converted to field fluxes for each of the four landscape positions for the period 2003 to 2005. The highest field NO flux is from footslope positions, during each of these years and emissions ranged from 1.5-8.5 kg ha a (in terms of mass of nitrogen). Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems techniques were used to up-scale field NO fluxes on a regional basis indicating that the highest emissions occurred from the midslope positions, due to their large geographical extent in the considered research area. Emissions for the KNP Skukuza land type (56 000 ha) ranged from 20×10 3 kg in 2004 to 34×10 3 kg in 2003. The importance of landscape characteristics in the determination of regional biogenic NO soil emission is emphasized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil biogenic emissions of nitric oxide from a semi-arid savanna in South Africa

2008

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“…A simple incubation technique was used to allow an approximation of potential nitrification rates and the associated N 2 O emissions in standardised laboratory incubations, adopting similar methods to Garrido et al (2002) and Freney et al (1979), who conducted extensive method testing. The method relies on maintaining aerobic conditions in which case denitrification does not occur.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the factors examined, a negative relationship between oxygen availability and P n was the most common observation, with the most decisive work being done by using cultures (Goreau et al 1980;Lipschultz et al 1981;Hynes and Knowles 1984;Kester et al 1997) with varying oxygen contents, although cell density was also important (Remde and Conrad 1990;Frame and Casciotti 2010). In addition, oxygen availability has been shown to be important in soil, either directly (Goodroad and Keeney 1984;Khalil et al 2004;Mørkved et al 2006;Zhu et al 2013a) or via water content (Maag and Vinther 1996;Garrido et al 2002;Ambus 2005;Mathieu et al 2006;Chen et al 2010), although some studies have found conflicting responses (Bateman and Baggs 2005). Interestingly, Hynes and Knowles (1978) found that the addition of sterile soil to a culture increased N 2 O emission 10-fold and broadened the range of oxygen concentrations over which high N 2 O emissions occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification rates and associated nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils – a synopsis

Farquharson¹

2016

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Laboratory incubations were performed to estimate nitrification rates and the associated nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions under aerobic conditions on a range of soils from National Agricultural Nitrous Oxide Research Program field sites. Significant site-to-site variability in nitrification rates and associated N 2 O emissions was observed under standardised conditions, indicating the need for site-specific model parameterisation. Generally, nitrification rates and N 2 O emissions increased with higher water content, ammonium concentration and temperature, although there were exceptions. It is recommended that site-specific model parameterisation be informed by such data. Importantly, the ratio of N 2 O emitted to net nitrified N under aerobic conditions was small (<0.2% for the majority of measurements) but did vary from 0.03% to 1%. Some models now include variation in the proportion of nitrified N emitted as N 2 O as a function of water content; however, strong support for this was not found across all of our experiments, and the results demonstrate a potential role of pH and ammonium availability. Further research into fluctuating oxygen availability and the coupling of biotic and abiotic processes will be required to progress the process understanding of N 2 O emissions from nitrification.

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Contribution of Bacteria to Initial Input and Cycling of Nitrogen in Soils

Philippot

Germon

Soil Biology

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N2O and NO emissions by agricultural soils with low hydraulic potentials

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Soil biogenic emissions of nitric oxide from a semi-arid savanna in South Africa

Soil biogenic emissions of nitric oxide from a semi-arid savanna in South Africa

Nitrification rates and associated nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils – a synopsis

Contribution of Bacteria to Initial Input and Cycling of Nitrogen in Soils

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