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Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotics' efficacy is declining over a period of time because of haphazard use in humans and animals. Empirical use of antibiotics and reduction in the new drug development strategies by pharmaceutical industry can lead to antibiotic resistance crisis in near future. Hence, identifying the common causative organism and their resistance pattern in the geographical region would be helpful in choosing appropriate antibiotics for the diseases. Methods: This retrospective study is done at GMERS Medical College and hospital, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility data from May 2021 to May 2023 were studied from culture and sensitivity register maintained by the microbiology department. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Among 43 positive samples 62.8 % were male and 37.2 % were female. Major samples were of sputum 39.53% and urine 32.56%. Organisms identified were Klebsiella 37.2%, E. coli 30.2%, Pseudomonas 16.3%, Acinetobacter 4.65%, S. aureus 9.3% and Enterococcus 2.3%. E. coli (69 %) were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam and co-trimoxazole. Klebsiella (75%) were resistant to tetracyclin and ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonades (85.71 %) were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Acinetobacter, S. aureus and enterococcus showed resistant to many antibiotics. Discussion: Different level of antibiotic resistance observed by gram negative and positive bacteria in present study can challenge us in future infection control. It can lead to limited treatment options, increased healthcare costs and patient morbidity & mortality. Thereby prudent use of antibiotic by using antibiotic sensitivity test is requirement for the current antibiotic stewardship programs. INTRODUCTION:The discovery of antibiotics in the mid-twentieth century was one of the greatest discoveries in the history of medicine related to the reduction of morbidity and mortality of human and live-stock. Since then the fatal and severe bacterial infection outcomes saw a great shift and became easily treatable.