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Abstract

Background: Nationwide population aplastic anemiarelated mortality is rare in the world medical literature. Methods:The annual AA mortality data was extracted from the public databases of the Mortality Information System, searching category D61 "other aplastic anemias" of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. : In Brazil, 2000to 2018 as underlying cause, and 21,894 (61.6%) as associated (non-underlying) cause of death. Average standardized mortality rates were for underlying, associated and all mentions cause deaths, respectively, 4.02, 6.40 and 10.42 deaths per million population. The overall mean and median ages at death for all mentions were, respectively, 51.5 (± 24.7) and 55.5 (range 32.5-71.5) years. On certificates with AA as an associated cause, the underlying causes of deaths were neoplasms (38.9%), infectious and parasitic diseases (8.8%) of the circulatory system (8.7%); the main underlying causes among the neoplasms were myeloid leukemia (7.7%), lymphoid leukemia (5.1%), other and specified types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4.1%), certain other neoplasm of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue (3.5%), and neoplasms of the digestive organs (3.2%). The leading overall associated cause of death was septicemia, occurring in 48.9% among AA as the underlying cause and 42.6% among other underlying conditions, followed by pneumonias, respiratory failure, failure of multiple organs, renal failure, and cerebrovascular diseases. Main results Conclusion:This study revised AA death rate trends, underlying and associated causes of death, age at death and regional distribution of death in Brazil.