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Abstract

Male infertility is a reproductive health disorder, emerging globally as serious medicaland social problem that results in much trauma, emotional instability and psychological stress of the affected couples. In 50% of the diagnosed cases of infertility males are reported to be the predominant causative factor. Male infertility can assess by the quality and quantity of sperm cells as well as structure. The present review provides an overview on a wide range of factors that are accountable for male infertility. Hormonal imbalances, genetical defects, reproductive anatomical & morphological abnormalities, chemicals & toxins exposure, reactive oxygen species and smoking are the main causative factors. Besides these, pollution, changed lifestyle, lack of proper diet & nutrition, addictions, diseases, medications, illness and psychological problems may also contribute to infertility problems which can temporarily or permanently affect male reproductive system. Some of these factors are lifestyle borne and can possibly be corrected and some are medical which need to be given special attention while some fail to be diagnosed. The knowledge of male infertility is increasing rapidly and will enormously help diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to recuperate human infertility.