Na–Bi–Ge Glass Anode as a High‐Performance Network: Studies on Structure, High Rate Capability, and Long Cycle Stability

Abstract

Herein, the influence of nanosized amorphous intermediate domains such as Na3Bi and NaGe on the electrochemical characteristics of the new Na2O–Bi2O3 glass anode network mixed with “GeO2” nanocrystals is highlighted. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy pictures are evident of Bi2O3 and GeO2 crystals in the amorphous plain bright Na–Bi glass phase which is also justified in the X‐ray diffraction studies. The initial (1st) and final (500th) charge and discharge capacities are recorded to be 1097/783 and 621/614, respectively. The columbic efficiency ranged between 71% and 98.8% as the current rate varies from 0.1 to 5 C. The ionic conductivity achieved is quite high even for the 500th cycle. This is due to the lowest value of R ct in the electro impedance spectroscopy spectra, which indicates a rise in electronic conductivity. The appreciable results obtained in this investigation create potential interest in designing and developing various glass and glass–ceramic anodes for large‐scale energy storage applications.

Amorphous Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Post‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…For example, Na‐Bi‐Ge glass anode shows excellent electrochemical performances such as high rate and long cycle stability. [ 106 ] In addition, Na‐Ge, [ 107 ] SnO‐GeO 2 ‐Sb 2 O 3 , [ 108 ] and tin‐phosphate [ 109 ] glass anodes have been developed. Considering the larger size of sodium relative to lithium ions, glass anodes with more open volume for storage space need to be developed.…”

Enhanced Long Cycle Life Stability and High Storage Reversible Capacity Retention of a Sodium Vanadate Zinc Glass–Ceramic Network

“…Further, some groups have published reports on 2D inorganic oxide and sulfide-based anode materials that offer reasonably good electrochemical performance. − When compared with an oxide-based crystalline material anode network, an amorphous-based glass and glass–ceramic anode material network exhibits better gravimetric and volumetric capacities, conductivity, and rate capability due to several advantages such as disorder, open networks, and compositional variation, which stimulates us to work along these lines. − Despite several benefits, the poor electronic conductivity and capacity retention limit practical use. In the present attempt, our work reports on a sodium vanadate glass network mixed with zinc oxide nanocrystals as a high-energy anode due to the following advantages: (i) good intercalation between Zn 2+ and VO sites will trigger the Na + -ion diffusion, (ii) high specific capacity, relatively low cost, (iii) long cycle life, and high storage capacity due to the replacement of V 5+ ions with Zn 2+ ions. , Nevertheless, the structure stability and electrochemical dynamics over long cycles will be addressed in this investigation systematically.…”