NaCl: for the safer in vivo use of antibacterial silver based nanoparticles

Abstract

Background As antibiotics progressively cease to be effective, silver based nanoparticles (SBNs), with broad antibacterial spectrum, might be the last line of defense against malicious bacteria. Unfortunately, there are still no proper SBNs-based strategies for in vivo antibacterial therapies. In this article, new carbon membrane packaged Ag nanoparticles (Ag-C) were synthesized. We assessed the effect of Ag-C with NaCl on size, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, metabolism and sepsis models. Methods The size of Ag-C with NaCl was accessed with UV-vis, TEM and SEM. Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to illustrate the antibacterial properties of SBNs affected by NaCl. L929 and 3T3 cell lines were cultured in vitro; CCK-8 assay was used to test cytotoxicity. Then, we explored the metabolism of Ag-C with NaCl in vivo. Finally, the effect of Ag-C with 4× NaCl on sepsis was observed. Results NaCl could regulate the size of Ag-C. Ag-C exhibited superior antibacterial properties compared to similar sized pure Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, the addition of NaCl could not only reduce the cytotoxicity of Ag-C, but could also continue to discharge Ag-C from major organs. Based on these factors, this method was used to treat a sepsis model (induced via cecal ligation and puncture), and it achieved satisfactory survival results. Conclusion This discovery, though still in its infancy, could significantly improve the safety and feasibility of SBNs and could potentially play an important role in modern in vivo antibacterial applications. Thus, a new method to combating the growing threat from drug-resistant bacteria could be possible. NaCl is the key to excretion of SBNs after in vivo antibacterial use.

Broad Spectrum Anti-Bacterial Activity and Non-Selective Toxicity of Gum Arabic Silver Nanoparticles

“…The components in the media can interact with the AgNPs and change their physicochemical properties and activity; hence, the AgNP-media interactions must be assessed to confirm NP stability before evaluating their activity [58]. Subjecting AgNPs to solutions with higher salt (NaCl) concentration, not only causes NP aggregation, but also a change in size and biological activity [59]. To improve on AgNP stability, biopolymers, such as GA and chitosan, were used as stabilizing agents; this led to plant-mediated synthesis of NPs with enhanced stability, biocompatibility and biological activity.…”

Modulation by surroundings of the antibacterial efficiency of silver in water environments

“…Nevertheless, it should be noticed that some authors also describe an insignificant reduction of E. coli growth induced by medium supplementation with NaCl (Liu et al 2018) or even disagree on the lower efficacy of AgCl on E. coli K12 compared to Ag + ). Thus, Ag3PO4 and AgCl cannot be considered as strictly active and inactive against bacterial cells, respectively.…”

Advances in sepsis diagnosis and management: a paradigm shift towards nanotechnology

“…However, there is uncertainty regarding antibacterial activities of Au-NPs in the physiological environment or in vivo models. A study was later conducted on the possibility of controlling the metabolism of Au-NPs in the animal model [112]. Zeta potential of Au-NPs with different salts, such as PBS, NaCl, K 2 HPO 4 , and KCl, were measured and found to be lowest with NaCl and reduced cytotoxicity of Au-NPs was observed with the addition of 4 × NaCl (group according to dilution).…”

“…The other approaches in LPS sequestering were demonstrated with the help of binding with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) like nanoparticles, in a study by Foit and Thaxton (2016). HDL is involved in detoxification of LPS and a similar phenomenon was implemented in the Ameliorated inflammation in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney [112] development of the nanosystem. Citrate stabilized colloidal gold nanoparticle (Au NP) was used as a scaffold and was functionalized with apolipoprotein A1 (apo A-I).…”