Nacre-like Mechanically Robust Heterojunction for Lithium-Ion Extraction

Xin, Weiwen; Lin, Chao; Fu, Lin; Kong, Xiangyu; Yang, Linjie; Qian, Yongchao; Zhu, Congcong; Zhang, Qianfan; Jiang, Lei; Wen, Liping

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2020.12.003

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the recent decades, great interest has been attracted to fabricate artificial ion channels, which can mimic some of the functions of the biological counterparts 4 – 11 . These artificial ion channels have shown promise for many important applications, such as molecular separation 12 , 13 , fit-for-purpose water treatment 4 , biosensor 14 , ionic circuitry 15 – 17 , energy conversion 18 – 22 , and lithium extraction 23 , 24 . However, while these artificial channels were able to control ion flow in various ways, for example, responsively to external stimuli 5 , 7 , they typically lacked the ability to distinguish different cations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZIF-8 metal-organic-frameworks, consisting of pores down to 0.3 nm, showed higher Na + transport rate than K + , but the selectivity was still poor (slightly >1) 27 . Recently, Xin and co-workers further combined spatial confinement with charge-exclusion effects to enhance ion selectivity, and achieved a moderate Na + /K + selectivity (less than 2) 24 . To the best of our knowledge, artificial sodium-selective ionic devices with a selectivity close to the biological counterparts have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial sodium-selective ionic device based on crown-ether crystals with subnanometer pores

Hou

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Biological sodium channels ferry sodium ions across the lipid membrane while rejecting potassium ions and other metal ions. Realizing such ion selectivity in an artificial solid-state ionic device will enable new separation technologies but remains highly challenging. In this work, we report an artificial sodium-selective ionic device, built on synthesized porous crown-ether crystals which consist of densely packed 0.26-nm-wide pores. The Na+ selectivity of the artificial sodium-selective ionic device reached 15 against K + , which is comparable to the biological counterpart, 523 against Ca2 + , which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the biological one, and 1128 against Mg2 + . The selectivity may arise from the size effect and molecular recognition effect. This work may contribute to the understanding of the structure-performance relationship of ion selective nanopores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial sodium-selective ionic device based on crown-ether crystals with subnanometer pores

Hou

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…In the confined space of BCP channels, the thickness of the electric double layer becomes comparable with the channel dimension, which leads to a higher ion selectivity and contributes to osmotic power conversion. [44][45][46][47][48] However, the mass transfer is hindered in the contractive nanochannels, thus resulting in an intermediate power density. In contrast, the deprotonated P2VP chains make room for mass transfer (Figure 2c and Figure 5b, yellow dashed line).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous MXene/PS‐b‐P2VP Nanofluidic Membranes with Controllable Ion Transport for Osmotic Energy Conversion

Lin

Liu

Xin

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Membrane-based osmotic power harvesting is a strategy for sustainable power generation. 2D nanofluids with high ion conductivity and selectivity are emerging candidates for osmotic energy conversion. However, the ion diffusion under nanoconfinement is hindered by homogeneous 2D membranes with monotonic charge regulation and severe concentration polarization, which results in an undesirable power conversion performance.Here, an asymmetric nanochannel membrane with a two-layered structure is reported, in which the angstrom-scale channels of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) act as a screening layer for controlling ion transport, and the nanoscale pores of the block copolymer (BCP) are the pH-responsive arrays with an ordered nanovoid structure. The heterogeneous nanofluidic device exhibits an asymmetric charge distribution and enlarged 1D BCP porosity under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively; this improves the gradient-driven ion diffusion, allowing a high-performance osmotic energy conversion with a power density of up to 6.74 W m −2 by mixing artificial river water and seawater. Experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that the tunable asymmetric heterostructure contributes to impairing the concentration polarization and enhancing the ion flux. This efficient osmotic energy generator can advance the fundamental understanding of the MXene-based heterogeneous nanofluidic devices as a paradigm for membrane-based energy conversion technologies.

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“…The development of Li + -selective materials is essential for efficient lithium extraction and recovery to satisfy the increasing demand for lithium batteries. So far, a series of MOF, 124,135,137,218 2D material, 167,[219][220][221] and polymer 131,222,223 membranes have achieved precise Li + selectivity over Na + , K + , and other cations. These single Li + -selective membranes can directly extract Li + ions from a mixture with monovalent, divalent, and multivalent ions compared to the mono-/divalent cation-selective membranes.…”

Section: Proton Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%