Nafion–CNT coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes for enhanced detection of adenosine

Ross, Ashley E.; Venton, B. Jill

doi:10.1039/c2an35297d

Cited by 75 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the electrodes still respond quickly to dopamine, with an average 10% to 90% signal rise time of 1.0 ± 0.2 s with 10 Hz and 0.9 ± 0.2 s with 50 Hz at laser treated CNTYMEs (n=5), compared to 1.2 ± 0.1 s at CFMEs. 26 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanotube yarn microelectrodes (CNTYMEs) exhibit rapid and selective detection of dopamine with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV); however, the sensitivity limits their application in vivo. In this study, we introduce laser treatment as a simple, reliable, and efficient approach to improve the sensitivity of CNTYMEs by three fold while maintaining high temporal resolution. The effect of laser treatment on the microelectrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. Laser treatment increases the surface area and oxygen containing functional groups on the surface, which provides more adsorption sites for dopamine than at unmodified CNTYMEs. Moreover, similar to unmodified CNTYMEs, the dopamine signal at laser treated CNTYMEs is not dependent on scan repetition frequency, unlike the current at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) which decreases with increasing scan repetition frequency. This frequency independence is caused by the significantly larger surface roughness which would trap dopamine-o-quinone and amplify the dopamine signal. CNTYMEs were applied as an in vivo sensor with FSCV for the first time and laser treated CNTYMEs maintained high dopamine sensitivity compared to CFMEs with an increased scan repetition frequency of 50 Hz, which is five-fold faster than the conventional frequency. CNTYMEs with laser treatment are advantageous because of their easy fabrication, high reproducibility, fast electron transfer kinetics, high sensitivity, and rapid in vivo measurement of dopamine and could be a potential alternative to CFMEs in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrode sensitivity can be improved at carbon based microelectrodes by several surface modification methods, including acid treatment 12 , electrochemical activation 3 , polymer coating 26–28 , and metal nanoparticle coating 29,30 . Strein and Ewing reported laser activation as a simple way to increase the sensitivity for voltammetry at disk CFMEs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo

et al. 2016

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“…CFEs exhibit a 200 nM limit of detection and a moderate sensitivity for DA (sensitivity dependent on the length of the exposed carbon fiber). Recent efforts have been made to improve the performance of carbon based electrodes, such as incorporation of single wall carbon nanotubes onto the CFE surface (Ross and Venton 2012; Swamy and Venton 2007; Xiao and Venton 2012), the development of carbon nanotube fibers and yarns (Jacobs et al 2014; Schmidt et al 2013; Zestos et al 2014; Zestos et al 2013), the advancement of carbon nanopipettes (Phillips et al 2003b) and the deposition of conductive polymers and coatings (Gerhardt et al 1984; Vreeland et al 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dopamine detection sensitivity by PEDOT/graphene oxide coating on in vivo carbon fiber electrodes

Taylor

Robbins

Catt

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

179

113

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Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter responsible for regulating a variety of vital life functions. In vivo detection of DA poses a challenge due to the low concentration and high speed of physiological signaling. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) is an effective method to monitor real-time in vivo DA signaling, however the sensitivity is somewhat limited. Electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GO) onto the CFE surface is shown to increase the sensitivity and lower the limit of detection for DA compared to bare CFEs. Thicker PEDOT/GO coatings demonstrate higher sensitivities for DA, but display the negative drawback of slow adsorption and electron transfer kinetics. The moderate thickness resulting from 25 s electrodeposition of PEDOT/GO produces the optimal electrode, exhibiting an 880% increase in sensitivity, a 50% decrease in limit of detection and minimally altered electrode kinetics. PEDOT/GO coated electrodes rapidly and robustly detect DA, both in solution and in the rat dorsal striatum. This increase in DA sensitivity is likely due to increasing the electrode surface area with a PEDOT/GO coating and improved adsorption of DA’s oxidation product (DA-o-quinone). Increasing DA sensitivity without compromising electrode kinetics is expected to significantly improve our understanding of the DA function in vivo.

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“…The most straightforward protocol is dip coating. With this approach, the electrode surface is covered with Nafion by dipping the electrode in the polymer solution and evaporating the solvent 37, 38, 43, 45, 81, 82 . Alternatively, Nafion can be electrodeposited onto the carbon surface by application of a potential sufficient to generate an anodic current 39–41 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking the Effects of L-DOPA on Rapid Dopamine Signaling with an Improved Approach for Nafion Coating Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes

Thomas

White

et al. 2016

Anal. Chem.

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L-DOPA has been the gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, its efficacy wanes over time as motor complications develop. Very little is known about how L-DOPA therapy affects the dynamics of fluctuating dopamine concentrations in the striatum on a rapid timescale (seconds). Electrochemical studies investigating the effects of L-DOPA treatment on electrically evoked dopamine release have reported conflicting results with significant variability. We hypothesize that the uncertainty in the electrochemical data is largely due to electrode fouling caused by polymerization of L-DOPA and endogenous catecholamines on the electrode surface. Thus, we have systematically optimized the procedure for fabricating cylindrical, Nafion-coated, carbon-fiber microelectrodes. This has enabled rapid and reliable detection of L-DOPA’s effects on striatal dopamine signaling in intact rat brain using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. An acute dose of 5 mg/kg L-DOPA had no significant effect on dopamine dynamics, demonstrating the highly efficient regulatory mechanisms at work in the intact brain. In contrast, administration of 200 mg/kg L-DOPA significantly increased the amplitude of evoked dopamine release by ~200%. Overall, this work describes a reliable tool that allows a better measure of L-DOPA augmented dopamine release in vivo, measured using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. It provides a methodology that improves the stability and performance of the carbon fiber microelectrode when studying the molecular mechanisms underlying L-DOPA therapy, and also promises to benefit a wide variety of studies because Nafion is so commonly used in electroanalytical chemistry.

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Nafion–CNT coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes for enhanced detection of adenosine

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo

Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo

Enhanced dopamine detection sensitivity by PEDOT/graphene oxide coating on in vivo carbon fiber electrodes

Unmasking the Effects of L-DOPA on Rapid Dopamine Signaling with an Improved Approach for Nafion Coating Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes

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