Nafion® perfluorinated membranes in fuel cells

Banerjee, Shoibal; Curtin, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.05.018

Cited by 207 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Among the fuel cells allowing fast start-up and shut-down operation, an imperative criterion for the automotive industry, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is today the most advanced technology due to the existence of proton conductive polymer membranes [3,4]. While PEMFCs have reached the commercialisation level for materials handling vehicles and, since recently, for personal automobiles that are being released in Japan and California, its long term success is bound to cost and sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ZIF-8 Crystal Size on the O2 Electro-Reduction Performance of Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C Catalysts

2015

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Abstract:The effect of ZIF-8 crystal size on the morphology and performance of Fe-N-C catalysts synthesized via the pyrolysis of a ferrous salt, phenanthroline and the metal-organic framework ZIF-8 is investigated in detail. Various ZIF-8 samples with average crystal size ranging from 100 to 1600 nm were prepared. The process parameters allowing a templating effect after argon pyrolysis were investigated. It is shown that the milling speed, used to prepare catalyst precursors, and the heating mode, used for pyrolysis, are critical factors for templating nano-ZIFs into nano-sized Fe-N-C particles with open porosity. Templating could be achieved when combining a reduced milling speed with a ramped heating mode. For templated Fe-N-C materials, the performance and activity improved with decreased ZIF-8 crystal size. With the Fe-N-C catalyst templated from the smallest ZIF-8 crystals, the current densities in H2/O2 polymer electrolyte fuel cell at 0.5 V reached ca. 900 mA cm −2 , compared to only ca. 450 mA cm −2 with our previous approach. This templating process opens the path to a morphological control of Fe-N-C catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks which, when combined with the versatility of the coordination chemistry of such materials, offers a platform for the rational design of optimized Metal-N-C catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ZIF-8 Crystal Size on the O2 Electro-Reduction Performance of Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C Catalysts

2015

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“…[32][33][34][35][36] Recently, review articles on this membrane have appeared in the literature. [37][38][39] The PFSA membranes are manufactured in various thicknesses and sulfonic acid content by melt-extrusion or solutioncasting. The membranes can be used as-received or after pretreatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SANS Study of the Effects of Water Vapor Sorption on the Nanoscale Structure of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid (NAFION) Membranes

et al. 2006

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Several poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes (NAFION, EW ) 1100) with the same sulfonic acid content were systematically investigated with SANS under in-situ water vapor sorption and/or with bulk water to quantify the effects of relative humidity (RH), membrane processing (melt-extruded and solution-casting), prehistory (pretreated at 80°C and as-received), and thickness on the nanoscale structure at room temperature. The sorption isotherm (water uptake vs RH) of the membranes showed a strong correlation between the interionic domain distance (L ion ) and RH. The melt-extruded membranes showed evidence of partial alignment of better organized ionic domains than those solution-cast. Pretreating the membranes resulted in a larger L ion and a broader scattering over the entire range of RH. The ionic peak of the melt-extruded membranes (as-received and pretreated) became more symmetric and narrower with sorption time. Diffusion coefficients of water vapor, based on structural evolution and Fick's second law, are in the range of 1 × 10 -7 -3 × 10 -7 cm 2 /s for both extruded (pretreated and as-received) membranes. A thickness-dependent crystalline feature around Q ≈ 0.03 Å -1 was also observed.

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“…[1,2] The most commonly used proton-conducting polymers are sulfonated perfluoropolymers such as Nafion a because of their high proton conductivity and high chemical stability. [3,4] It is widely believed that high conductivity results from perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid acting as a super acid. The practical use of such polymers suffers from their high cost and low glass transition temperature (approximately -20 8C for beta and 100 8C for alpha transition); [5] the low glass transition temperature of these materials results from their flexible aliphatic backbones which limits high operation temperature in the fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(arylene ether)s with Pendant Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acid Groups as Proton‐Exchange Membrane Materials

Ghassemi

Schiraldi

Zawodzinski

et al. 2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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New membranes were prepared and evaluated as polymer electrolytes for PEMFCs. Polymers with PSU in the main chain and –C(O)(CF2)3SO3H in the side chain (PSU‐PSA) were synthesized by substitution of PSU‐Li and SFBF, followed by treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide then sulfuric acid. The proton conductivity of PSU‐PSA with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.12 mmol · g−1 was 0.091 S · cm−1 at 80 °C under 100% relative humidity. A hydrogen/air PEMFC test of PSU‐PSA with an IEC value of 1.12 mmol · g−1 produced a maximum power output of 0.265 W · cm−2. A DMA measurement revealed that PSU‐PSA had an α‐relaxation temperature around 196 °C which is higher than the value reported for Nafion. magnified image

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Nafion® perfluorinated membranes in fuel cells

Cited by 207 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of ZIF-8 Crystal Size on the O2 Electro-Reduction Performance of Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C Catalysts

Effect of ZIF-8 Crystal Size on the O2 Electro-Reduction Performance of Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C Catalysts

SANS Study of the Effects of Water Vapor Sorption on the Nanoscale Structure of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid (NAFION) Membranes

Poly(arylene ether)s with Pendant Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acid Groups as Proton‐Exchange Membrane Materials

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