Naloxone prevents interruption of parturition and increases plasma oxytocin following environmental disturbance in parturient sows

Lawrence, Alistair B.; Petherick, J. Carol; McLean, KA; Gilbert, C.; Chapman, Christopher L.; Russell, John A.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90371-8

Cited by 118 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is evidence that disturbance during parturition will negatively influence oxytocin levels (Lawrence et al, 1992). Certainly, the length of the nonresponsive phase after the birth of the last piglet may depend on how quiet the nest site is, and may influence subsequent restlessness of the sow and risk of piglet crushing.…”

Section: Parturition Early Lactation and Nest-occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Baxter

Lawrence

Edwards

2011

Animal

114

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The construction of a suitable farrowing environment is a continuing dilemma: the piglet's needs must be matched with those of the sow and the farmer during the main phases that constitute farrowing: nest building, parturition and lactation. Difficulties exist in resolving the various conflicts of interest between and within these three parties (e.g. sow v. farmer: space needed for nest building v. space needed to maximise the amount of farrowing accommodation, or sow v. sow: ensuring the survival of the current litter v. maintaining condition for future litters). Thus, the challenge is to resolve these conflicts and design a system that maximises sow and piglet welfare while maintaining an economically efficient and sustainable enterprise. In order to successfully design a farrowing and lactation environment, it is necessary to consider the biological needs of both the sow and her litter. The natural behaviour of the sow has been well documented and very little variation exists between reports of peri-parturient behaviour observed in extensively kept domestic sows and their wild counterparts. The failure for domestication to significantly alter these behavioural patterns provides evidence that they are biologically significant and that the commercial farrowing environment should attempt to accommodate this behavioural repertoire. In addition, the behavioural needs of the piglets, as well as the physiological needs of both sows and their offspring should be considered. This article aims to review the considerable body of literature detailing the behavioural repertoire of sows and their offspring during the different phases of farrowing, and the accompanying physiological processes. The focus is on identifying biological needs of the animals involved in order to synthesise the appropriate design criteria for farrowing and lactation systems, which should optimise both welfare and animal production.

show abstract

Section: Parturition Early Lactation and Nest-occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Baxter

Lawrence

Edwards

2011

Animal

114

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mechanisms involved in the regulation of oxytocin release under normal or disturbed milking condition related to the opioid importance are not clear in dairy cows at present ) as compared to rat (Leng et al, 1988) or pig (Lawrence et al, 1992). The high individual response of dairy cows to naloxone could be a result of their individual sensitivity to stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The importance of increased levels of oxytocin induced by naloxone to milk removal in dairy cows

Tancin¹,

Maxuhova²,

Schams³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to test whether a more pronounced oxytocin release induced by naloxone during milking causes higher efficiency of milk removal. Eight pregnant multiparousHolsteincows from second to fifth lactation were used for this experiment. The experiment was carried out during three consecutive days, i.e. six milkings (three morning and three evening milkings). During first and third evening milking in cross over design (four and four animals) 250 mg of naloxone or 10 ml saline was injected 5 min before the start of udder preparation. During these milkings 2 IU of oxytocin was injected i.v. after stripping and the amount of milk obtained in response to oxytocin injection was measured. Pre-milking naloxone treatment increased the milking-related release of oxytocin, however, only in six of eight cows. The stimulatory effect of naloxone on oxytocin release in the mentioned six cows differed individually from 4 ng/l to 132 ng/l. Naloxone treatment did not influence milk yield before stripping and stripping milk yield. However, naloxone treatment significantly reduced the amount of milk obtained in response to oxytocin injection. Peak flow rate tended to be higher after naloxone treatment. In conclusion, oxytocin release seems to be very important for the evaluation of different milking routines and milk removal environment with respect to the welfare of dairy cows.

show abstract

“…Environmental and managemental related stressors could also have a compromising effect on reproductive performance in pigs (Lawrence et al, 1992;Hemsworth et al, 1999;Edwards, 2002;Van Borrel et al, 2007). However, data on the impact of managemental related factors on stillborn piglets are scarce and mainly focused on supervision of farrowing (Holyoake et al, 1995;Le Cozler et al, 2002;Lucia et al, 2002), pen design (Fraser et al, 1997), ambient temperature (Odehnalova et al, 2008) or dietary fibre (Guillemet et al, 2007).…”

Section: Stress/farrowing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Machado-Neto et al (1987) demonstrated that elevated temperature around farrowing exerted stress on the sow, resulting in a higher cortisol concentration in the blood serum. It has been demonstrated that environmental stress can disturb the delivery process (Lawrence et al, 1992). An inhibition of oxytocin release mediated by endogenous-opiate release is probably involved with such environmental stress (Lawrence et al, 1992;Edwards, 2002;Van Borrel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Stress/farrowing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that environmental stress can disturb the delivery process (Lawrence et al, 1992). An inhibition of oxytocin release mediated by endogenous-opiate release is probably involved with such environmental stress (Lawrence et al, 1992;Edwards, 2002;Van Borrel et al, 2007). Low oxytocin concentrations could weaken the contractions of the uterus during farrowing, leading to uterine hypo-contractility, a prolonged farrowing duration and finally an increased number of stillbirths.…”

Section: Stress/farrowing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Still birth and mummification in swine-A review

Raguvaran

Palakkara

Prabakar

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mummification is often noticed in pigs compared to other species due to large litter size. The agents responsible for the reproductive failure in sows may lead to a wide range of sequelae, including abortions, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death. High prolificacy is associated with increased incidence of stillbirths and mummified fetuses. Plethoras of other foetal and maternal factors have been associated with incidence of still birth and mummification. Identification of those risk factors have been associated with stillbirth and mummified fetuses can helps in optimal herd reproductive efficiency.

show abstract

Naloxone prevents interruption of parturition and increases plasma oxytocin following environmental disturbance in parturient sows

Cited by 118 publications

References 24 publications

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

The importance of increased levels of oxytocin induced by naloxone to milk removal in dairy cows

Still birth and mummification in swine-A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About