Naltrexone in Autistic Children: An Acute Open Dose Range Tolerance Trial

Campbell, Magda; Overall, John E.; Small, Arthur M.; Sokol, Mae S.; Spencer, Elizabeth K.; Adams, Phillip; Foltz, Rodger L.; Monti, Kim M.; Perry, Richard; Nobler, Mitchell S.; Roberts, Eugene

doi:10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009

Cited by 93 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Peak plasma concentrations of naltrexone occur within 1 h fol lowing oral administration. Plasma levels arc very low 7 h after this dose and are barely detectable 24 h after drug administration [10], Both children were otherwise medication-free, and this test was their first experience with the medication. For child M, three observation sessions were conducted on each of three successive days: 24 h before naltrexone, 1.5-2 h after dosing and 24 h after the medication.…”

Section: Dosage Design and Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The opioid excess theory of autism sug gested that an opioid-related imbalance in the emotive brain system mediating loneliness-panic states contrib utes to the neurochemical genesis of autistic symptom atology [9]. Several direct tests of the idea have affirmed that opioid receptor blockade can, in fact, reduce active symptoms of autism, while promoting visual attention [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Case Report: Opiate Antagonist and Event-Related Desynchronization in 2 Autistic Boys

Lensing

Schimke²,

Klimesch³

et al. 1995

Neuropsychobiology

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Event-related desynchronization and visual orientational behavior were examined in 2 autistic boys to determine if blockade of endogenous opioid activity facilitates cognitive processing at a cortical level. Before naltrexone, the boys showed no selective alpha blocking during exposure to either mother’s pictures or white light. Unlike normals, they exhibited strong alpha band enhancement at temporocentral recording sites. Two hours after administering 0.5 mg/kg naltrexone, mother- as well as light-related alpha blocking appeared at occipital, occipitotemporal, and prefrontal sites. These effects were gone 24 h after dosing in one child, but persisted in the other. A parallel increase in visual pursuit in a social context was observed. These results affirm that autistic gaze aversion can be caused by excessive opioid activity interfering with corticothalamocortical processing of visual stimuli.

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Section: Dosage Design and Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Case Report: Opiate Antagonist and Event-Related Desynchronization in 2 Autistic Boys

Lensing

Schimke²,

Klimesch³

et al. 1995

Neuropsychobiology

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show abstract

“…Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist was shown to be effective in reducing hyperactivity, stereotypies and social withdrawal (Campbell et al, 1989). However this was an open case study and a subsequent double blind study by the same authors revealed less encouraging results (Campbell et af., 1990).…”

Section: Autismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent advances in paediatric psychopharmacology: A brief overview

Mirza¹,

Michael²,

Dinan³

1994

Human Psychopharmacology

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Drug treatments for psychiatric disorders in children have always been a matter of controversy. During the past two decades psychopharmacologists have made considerable strides in establishing the efficacy and safety of existing drugs. Recent research has also generated new treatments whose practical benefits are yet to be established. This article presents a brief and selective overview of the current state of paediatric psychopharmacology.

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“…Initial reports of open-label studies with naltrexone in autism seemed promising, [48][49] but results of subsequent placebo-controlled studies were disappointing. Modest benefits were observed in hyperactivity, [50][51] but no positive effects for language function or communication.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Compounds 1 Mood Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autismo: tratamentos psicofarmacológicos e áreas de interesse para desenvolvimentos futuros

Nikolov

Jonker

Scahill

2006

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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O transtorno autista e o grupo de condições relacionadas definidas como transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento são transtornos de neurodesenvolvimento crônicos que começam na infância precoce e afetam um número significativo de crianças e suas famílias. Ainda que as causas e muito da fisiopatologia do transtorno sejam desconhecidas, em anos recentes, vários tratamentos medicamentosos disponíveis têm sido identificados como contendo a promessa de aliviar alguns dos comportamentos mal-adaptativos mais comprometedores associados aos transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento. No entanto, esses tratamentos não enfocam os sintomas nucleares da enfermidade e, geralmente, seus efeitos colaterais excedem os benefícios. Portanto, há uma necessidade substancial de novas medicações que sejam mais seguras e mais eficazes em tratar os sintomas comportamentais do autismo. O objetivo desta revisão é o de destacar as farmacoterapias correntes disponíveis e aquelas emergentes e que tenham potencial de melhorar as opções de tratamento de pacientes com transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento.

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Naltrexone in Autistic Children: An Acute Open Dose Range Tolerance Trial

Cited by 93 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical Case Report: Opiate Antagonist and Event-Related Desynchronization in 2 Autistic Boys

Clinical Case Report: Opiate Antagonist and Event-Related Desynchronization in 2 Autistic Boys

Recent advances in paediatric psychopharmacology: A brief overview

Autismo: tratamentos psicofarmacológicos e áreas de interesse para desenvolvimentos futuros

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