NAM-supported read-across: From case studies to regulatory guidance in safety assessment

Abstract

The use of new approach methodologies (NAMs) in support of read-across (RAx) approaches for regulatory purposes is a main goal of the EU-ToxRisk project. To bring this forward, EU-ToxRisk partners convened a workshop in close collaboration with regulatory representatives from key organizations including European regulatory agencies, such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), national agencies from several European countries, Japan, Canada and the USA, as well as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). More than a hundred people actively participated in the discussions, bringing together diverse viewpoints across academia, regulators and industry. The discussion was organized starting from five practical cases of RAx applied to specific problems that offered the oppor­tunity to consider real examples. There was general consensus that NAMs can improve confidence in RAx, in particular in defining category boundaries as well as characterizing the similarities/dissimilarities between source and target substances. In addition to describing dynamics, NAMs can be helpful in terms of kinetics and metabolism that may play an important role in the demonstration of similarity or dissimilarity among the members of a category. NAMs were also noted as effective in providing quanti­tative data correlated with traditional no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) used in risk assessment, while reducing the uncertainty on the final conclusion. An interesting point of view was the advice on calibrating the number of new tests that should be carefully selected, avoiding the allure of “the more, the better”. Unfortunately, yet unsurprisingly, there was no single approach befitting every case, requiring careful analysis delineating the optimal approach. Expert analysis and assessment of each specific case is still an important step in the process.

Continuing animal tests on cosmetic ingredients for REACH in the EU

“…In the case of read-across, ECHA usually mentions the lack of a strong justification for the similarity between source and target substances. A good opportunity to overcome this limitation is through the performance of suitable in vitro tests on both source and target substances to compare their biological activity with the possibility to discuss whether any difference can represent a risk in the toxicological assessment of the substance (Rovida et al, , 2021.…”

Development of a Roadmap for Action on New Approach Methodologies in Risk Assessment

“…In 2019, NAM-based IATA read-across case studies of the EUToxRisk project were discussed with regulatory scientists from different authorities, including experts from EFSA, ECHA, JRC, SCCS, BfR, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and national agencies from several European countries, Japan, Canada and the USA (Rovida, Escher et al 2021). It was noted that toxicokinetics play a key role in the assessment of the read-across groups.…”

Reply to the opinion paper “The EU chemicals strategy for sustainability: an opportunity to develop new approaches for hazard assessment” by Scholz et al.

“…Already in previous years, BfR has addressed this issue in a number of completed projects contributing constructive, scientific proposals to address complex issues such as mixture toxicity (Tralau et al 2021 ) or engaging in the promotion of new approach methodologies (NAMs) (Escher et al 2019 ; Moné et al 2020 ; Rovida et al 2020 , 2021 ). Currently, we are active in a number of complex EU research projects with exactly this goal, e.g., with respect to the implementation of New Approach Methodologies and Next Generation Risk Assessment ( https://www.risk-hunt3r.eu/ ), mixture toxicity ( https://panoramix-h2020.eu/ , together with UFZ), and will strongly engage in the partnership for the assessment of risk from chemicals (PARC, https://www.anses.fr/en/content/european-partnership-assessment-risks-chemicals-parc ).…”