Names for Manihot esculenta: Geographical Variations and Lexical Clarification

Gade, Daniel W.

doi:10.1353/lag.2007.0020

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…More than 5,000 cassava cultivars are recognized globally (Best, 1993;Bokanga, 1994;Gade, 2003;IFAD/FAO, 2005) Munhaça variety being most common in the Southern Region; Inciricano and Bedo in the Central Region and Nikwaha, Tomo and Cororo varieties, in the Northern Region (MIC, 2007). Consumer preferences influence the variety consumed and are based on the color of the plant, sharpness of the leaf lobe and the color of the root peel (MIC, 2007;Gbadegesin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Cassava Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) in Mozambique: An overview

Salvador¹,

Steenkamp²,

McCrindle³

2014

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

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Both soils and climate in Mozambique suit cassava cultivation and nine million tons fresh weight is produced annually, with a consumption of 85 kg per person per year. The roots are a staple carbohydrate and cooked leaves are served as a vegetable. Cassava is essential to food security, as it is a subsistence crop. Roots and leaves contain vitamin C and some minerals but are deficient in proteins and amino-acids. Although cassava is cultivated by about 63% of the population, cyanogenic glycosides and other anti-nutritional factors, threaten food safety. There are more than 100 varieties, but the more drought and insect resistant bitter types predominate. Traditional products made from cassava that rely on sun-drying, cooking or fermentation to reduce toxicity include "rale", "xinguinha", "karakata" "mahewu" and "oteka". Cassava flour has replaced up to 20% of wheat flour in bread, for economic reasons. An overview of the distribution, consumption patterns and nutritional value of cassava in Mozambique could contribute to knowledge, as much of the existing data has not been published. Food safety and nutritional value could be improved by commercializing the production of traditional products or fortifying the affordable staple carbohydrate. This could improve the health of vulnerable rural populations.

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Section: Cassava Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) in Mozambique: An overview

Salvador¹,

Steenkamp²,

McCrindle³

2014

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Given that this paper seeks to compare the crop between these two land-masses the different conventions need to be mentioned. For consistency and pragmatic reasons we use 'cassava', the most commonly used term overall, aware that others have argued in favor of the universal application of 'manioc' (Gade 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Socio-ecological Concomitants of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Diversity, Local Knowledge and Management in Eastern Indonesia

Ellen

Soselisa

2012

Ethnobot. Res. App.

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“…Manioc, or cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae); see Gade (2002) for a defence of 'manioc' as the best term to refer to this plant in English], is a staple crop for over 750 million people, including 45% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa (FAO 2009), yet contains high concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, principally linamarin, which break down to release toxic cyanide when crushed or chewed (Cardoso et al 2005;McMahon et al 1995;Nhassico et al 2008). Cyanide in the diet may result in individual cases of acute cyanide poisoning, a frequent complaint in some manioc-dependent parts of Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

et al. 2010

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Chemical ecology provides unique perspectives for managing plant/human interactions to achieve food security. Allelochemicals function as chemical defences of crop plants, enhancing yields. While ingested allelochemicals can confer health benefits to humans, at higher concentrations they are often toxic. The delicate balance between their positive and negative effects in crop plants is influenced by many factors. Some of these-how environment affects optimal levels of defence, how metabolic interactions with nutrients affect toxicity of ingested allelochemicals-are the province of chemical ecology. These biological factors, however, interact with social factors, and neither can be studied independently. Chemical ecologists must work together with social scientists to understand the overall system. Here, we illustrate such an integrative approach, analysing the interactions between people and the major tropical crop manioc, which contains cyanogenic glucosides. Polymorphism for cyanogen levels in manioc facilitates analysis of how costs and benefits of crop defences vary among social systems. We first show how people/ manioc interactions diversified in this crop's Amazonian homeland, then turn to the remarkable cultural adaptations of African farmers since manioc's introduction 400 years ago. Finally, we evaluate new coevolutionary challenges in parts of Africa where people are still unfamiliar with a potentially dangerous crop. Current environmental and social catastrophes have restricted farmers' options, resulting in acute problems in health of humans and ecosystems. We show that high cyanogen levels confer important agronomic advantages, but also impose costs and constraints that can only be understood when biology is coupled with analysis of social, cultural and economic factors. Detoxifying manioc technologically requires know-how, time, water and other resources. Detoxifying residual dietary cyanogens metabolically depends on being able to grow, or to buy, the nutrients required for detoxification, primarily sulphur-rich proteins. Solutions that appear adaptive today may not be in the future, as changing climate, rising atmospheric CO 2 levels and decreased access to fertilizers affect productivity of crops and the nutrient and allelochemical composition of the foods they are used to produce.

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Names for Manihot esculenta: Geographical Variations and Lexical Clarification

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Production, consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) in Mozambique: An overview

Production, consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) in Mozambique: An overview

A Comparative Study of the Socio-ecological Concomitants of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Diversity, Local Knowledge and Management in Eastern Indonesia

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

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