Naming the chaos: generic redelimitation in Schismatoglottideae (Araceae)

Low, Shook Ling; Wong, Sin Yeng; Boyce, Peter C.

doi:10.1080/00837792.2017.1409940

Cited by 24 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, the second group which shows strikingly early leaf emergence is the undeniably relictual, pantropical Lasiodeae of whose ten genera, only three possess more than three species (Cyrtosperma Griff., Dracontium and Urospatha Schott). Amongst the Aroideae (sensu lato -including all monoecious aroids), there are but very few small, relict genera with late leaf emergence and striate venation [striateveined Schismatoglottidieae now has over 30, mostly small genera, but this is a recent, specialised diversification -see Low et al (2018) and Boyce & Wong (2019, in this volume)]. Champagne & Sinha (2004) viewed compound leaves as either equivalent to collections of simple leaves on a branch system, or as equivalent to divided simple leaves, and inconclusively discussed whether it was possible to answer which of these applies in terms of developmental genetics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Durianology, discovery, and saltation — the evolution of aroids

Hay¹

2019

GBS

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If we become attentive to natural objects, particularly living ones, in such a manner as to desire to achieve an insight into the correlation of their nature and activity, we believe ourselves best able to come to such a comprehension through a division of the parts, and this method is suitable to take us very far. With but a word one may remind the friends of science of what chemistry and anatomy have contributed to an intensive and extensive view of Nature... But these analytic efforts, continued indefinitely, produce many disadvantages. The living may indeed be separated into its elements, but one cannot put these back together and revive them. This is true even of inorganic bodies, not to mention organic ones... For this reason, the urge to cognize living forms as such, to grasp their outwardly visible and tangible parts contextually, to take them as intimations of that which is inward, and so master, to some degree, the whole in an intuition, has always arisen in men of science."-J.W. von Goethe (1749-1832) in Brady, 2012: 272. ABSTRACT. It is argued that E.J.H. Corner's 'durianology' is an integrative, holistic approach to the evolution of angiosperm form which complements reductive, atomistic phylogenetic methods involving the reification of individuated high-level abstractions in the concept of morphological 'character evolution'. A case is made that the Durian Theory involved in part the advanced, holistic cognitive mode of insight, and, drawing on recent findings from cognitive science, it is proposed that insight problem-solving may overcome some of the limitations and distortions of dis-integrative character analysis, and lead to discovery of novel morphological relations and global pattern recognition. Evidence drawn from molecular phylogenetic analyses, developmental studies, and from gross morphology is presented that supports an insight-based hypothesis of direct, saltatory derivation of the Araceae from an ancestor with shoot apices not enclosed by sheathing leaf bases, acropetally developed, reticulate-veined compound leaves, and a terminal polymerous strobiloid flower. It is proposed that this saltation led to an array of morphologically hybrid and compound decanalised structures blurring conventional morphological categories such as rhachis, rhachilla, petiolule and venation; leaf base and stipule; leaf and leaflet; leaf and perianth; flower and inflorescence; flower and floral organ; fruit and infructescence; and fruit and seed. The associated perturbation of developmental routines led both to great diversification and to widespread parallel simplification series. It is argued that holistic evolutionary hypotheses cannot usefully be tested using current atomistic phylogenetic methodology applied to morphological characters. It is suggested that holarchical Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (Suppl. 2) 2019 258 (nested-hierarchical) rather than matrix character sets may provide a more holistic framework for evolutionary hypothesis-testing involving the interplay between molecular phylogeny, evodevo data...

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confidence: 99%

Durianology, discovery, and saltation — the evolution of aroids

Hay¹

2019

GBS

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“…, and Schismatoglottis. Subsequently, it has become evident (see Low et al, 2018) that over-reliance on 'characters' such as 'thecae horns' (straight, curved or hooked horn-like, peg-like or needle-like extensions of the thecae through which the pollen is expressed), and 'excavated stamens' (variously hollowed or elaborated connective and filament tissues), has resulted in heterogeneous genera. This became ever more apparent as extensive fieldwork revealed a wealth of undescribed species that challenged taxonomic placement into pre-existing genera, ultimately forcing reexamination of the generic boundaries proposed by Bogner & Hay (2000).…”

Section: Schismatoglottideaementioning

confidence: 99%

Borneo and its disproportionately large rheophytic aroid flora

Boyce¹,

Wong²

2019

GBS

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On the basis of decades of field observations and multidisciplinary research, in particular directed at species of Araceae exhibiting rheophytism, we offer an overview of morphological diversity among the more than 130 aroid species so adapted on Borneo. Based on a combination of morphological and concomitant ecological occurrence, a preliminary scheme of subcategories of van Steenis' "rheophytic landplants" is outlined with the purpose of encouraging study to better understand the impetus of obligate rheophytic aroids' evolution. It is hoped that the proposed subcategories will encourage targeted research with abundant field-based observations. Criticism is directed at the current demand by scientific journals that computer algorithm-generated statistical 'proof' be provided for all observational life science writing and further insisting that all such observations be linked to a 'big picture' by comparison within the context of a global perspective, preferably incorporating whatever themes are currently fashionable in the field. Such requirements discourage researchers, and particularly students, from undertaking purely observational research, and effectively result in the suppression of publication of vital observational data while encouraging publication of statistically well-supported biological nonsense.

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“…The last author has been engaged as an undergraduate and Master's student studying pollination biology of aroids in several localities in the state including more than one year based continually at Mulu (Chai and Wong 2019). We have previously published some new species resulting from our Mulu visits (Ipor et al 2004, Boyce and Wong 2008, 2014, 2013, Low et al 2018) but this paper is the first specifically devoted to the aroids of Mulu.…”

Section: Aroid Focussed Fieldworkmentioning

confidence: 99%