“…Historicizing School-to-Prison Pipelines: Sociocritical Approaches A growing body of research describes a "school-to-prison pipeline"-a metaphor for the relationships between punitive school policies, notably discipline policies, and inappropriate arrest and incarceration of Black and Brown students (Hall, 2020;Heitzeg, 2016;Kim et al, 2012;Laura, 2014;Mallett, 2016a;Mallett, 2016b;Meiners, 2007;Nocella et al, 2018). Despite attention to the STPP, researchers describe insufficient understanding of the complex historical, political, ideological, and institutional processes hardening the school/prison "nexus" (Meiners, 2007, p. 6;Sojoyner, 2016) and call for (1) critically historicizing research on the STPP (e.g., Sojoyner, 2016;Winn and Behizadeh, 2011) and (2) expanding "what counts" (Anyon, 2014;Meiners, 2007, p. 3) when studying the STPP to include political, economic, and institutional policies that are expanding "carceral apparatus[es]" (Shedd, 2015, p. 80) and a "culture of control" in schools (Rios, 2017, p. 155).…”