Nang Nuan oil field, B6/27, Gulf of Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep-burial origin?

Heward, Alan P.; Chuenbunchom, Supamittra; Makel, G. H.; Marsland, David; Spring, L.

doi:10.1144/petgeo.6.1.15

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Rotating and chipping of the enclosing block increased slightly, and applying the cubic control volumes increased the porosity values drastically. Still, these results were in accordance with other published data of caves with similar genesis (Weber and Bakker, 1981;Palmer, 1995;Heward et al, 2000), where the cave porosity can be 1-3%. The macro-scale conduit porosity results from the volumetric modeling were verified and confirmed by the modeling in the nearby Pál-völgy Quarry, where direct rock face measurements were carried out.…”

Section: The Pál-völgy Cave (Pvc)supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Their results were between 10-48% for the total porosity (matrix-, fracture-and cave porosity together) with a large variance. Heward et al (2000) analyzed the borehole core-samples with computer tomography (CT) and calculated the porosity from the analysis of the tomographic images. They studied a deep karst area which had very similar complex genesis as the caves of the Buda Thermal Karst System (BTKS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Albert¹,

Virág²,

Erőss³

2015

IJS

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Abstract:The Buda Thermal Karst System is located under the densely populated hills of Budapest. One of its caves (Pál-völgy Cave System) is the longest cave of Hungary with 30.1 km. The research was done in this area as a methodological study to estimate karst porosity parameters of aquifers or hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study two modeling methods are demonstrated. The volumetric modeling method was primarily aimed to determine the macro-scale (>0.5 m) conduit porosity (referred as macroporosity) of the study area as percentage of the incorporating limestone and marl. This method is based on archive survey data (maps and records). Through this method, morphometric parameters and the approximate sizes of the unexplored cave parts were also calculated. The porosity modeling was aimed at the estimation of the meso-scale (0.02-0.5 m) and macro-scale conduit porosity. It is based on rock face measurements near the Pál-völgy Cave System and image analysis. The matching macroporosity estimations of the two methods suggest that the map-based volumetric modeling method can be a useful tool for karstologists and modeling experts to extract as much information as possible from existing cave maps, even if the records of the original survey were lost or scanty. With the matrix porosity data published earlier from this area, and the conduit porosity calculated from the models, hydrological models of the area can be completed.cave surveys; karst porosity; 3D models; Buda Thermal Karst System; porosity model

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Section: The Pál-völgy Cave (Pvc)supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Albert¹,

Virág²,

Erőss³

2015

IJS

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“…It was shown that mesodiagenetic dissolution in carbonate reservoirs occurs at burial depths ranging from 200 m to 9150 m (Mazzullo & Harris 1991). The modern literature on deep-seated carbonate reservoirs provides ample evidence for macroscopic dissolutional porosity formed in situ (e.g., Heward et al 2000;Korobov & Korobova 2006;Smith 2006, among many others). However, some authors still deny the very possibility of significant dissolution porosity creation in the mesogenetic realm (Ehrenberg et al 2012).…”

Section: The Author Defines Hypogene Speleogenesis As the Formation Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Karst Paradigm: Changes, Trends and Perspectives

Klimchouk

2016

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UDC 551.435.8 Alexander Klimchouk: The karst paradigm: changes, trends and perspectives The paper examines representative definitions of karst (21), and discusses some concepts that influenced the modern understanding of the phenomenon. Several trends are discussed that took karst science beyond the limits of the traditional paradigm of karst. Dramatic progress in studies of speleogenesis plays the most significant role in changes taking place in the general understanding of karst. Also important is an adoption of the broad perspective to karst evolution which goes beyond the contemporary geomorphologic epoch and encompasses the entire life of a geological formation. Speleogenesis is viewed as a dynamic hydrogeological process of self-organization of the permeability structure in soluble rocks, a mechanism of the specific evolution of the groundwater flow system. The result is that these systems acquire a new, "karstic", quality and more complex organization. Since almost all essential attributes of karst owe their origin to speleogenesis, the latter is considered as the primary mechanism of the formation of karst. Two fundamental types of speleogenesis, hypogene and epigene, differentiate mainly due to distinct hydrodynamic characteristics of the respective groundwater flow systems: (1) of layered aquifer systems and fracture-vein flow systems of varying depths and degrees of confinement, and (2) of hydrodynamically open, near-surface unconfined systems. Accordingly, two major genetic types of karst are distinguished: hypogene and epigene. They differ in many characteristics, notably in relationships with the surface, hydrogeological behaviour, groundwater quality, and the areas of practical importance and approaches to solving karst-related issues. Although views on essential attributes of karst have been clearly changing, this was not reflected in definitions of the notion which are in broad use in the earth-science literature. A refined approach is suggested to the notion of karst in which it is viewed as a groundwater (fluid) flow system of a specific kind, which has acquired its peculiar properties in the course of speleogenesis. Keywords: karst, definition of karst, speleogenesis, karst geosystem, karst evolution. IzvlečekUDK 551.435.8 Alexander Klimchouk: Kraška paradigma: spremembe, tre ndi in perspektive Dokument obravnava reprezentativne definicije krasa (21) in obravnava nekatere koncepte, ki so vplivali na sodobno razumevanje tega pojava. Razpravlja o več trendih, ki so popeljali krasoslovje preko meja tradicionalne paradigme krasa. Dramatični napredek v speleogenetskih raziskavah je igral najpomembnejšo vlogo pri spremembah, ki so se zgodile pri splošnem razumevanju krasa. Prav tako je za razvoj krasoslovja pomembno sprejetje široke perspektive, ki presega sodobno geomorfološko epoho in zajema celoten geološki razvoj. Speleogeneza je predstavljena kot dinamični hidrogeološki proces samoorganizacije stopnje prepustnosti posameznih struktur v topnih kamninah, to je kot mehanizem specifičnega ...

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“…Of these, the Ratburi Group is the most widely studied and best known (e.g. Chinoroje 1993;Ampornmaha 1995;Heward et al 2000). In the Thai Basin buried Ratburi Group tower karst has been successfully pursued as a basement play (Nang Nuan Field).…”

Section: Dolomite In Carbonates Of Pre-tertiary Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These carbonates are arranged into an overall upwards-shallowing succession in which five facies associations are recognized (Baird & Bosence 1993): (1) high-energy open platform; (2) low- Primary depositional fabrics have been extensively modified by diagenesis (Baird & Bosence 1993;Heward et al 2000). An initial phase of syndepositional micritization and precipitation of fringing marine carbonate cements was followed by cementation by shallow burial calcite and extensive dolomitization (Fig.…”

Section: Dolomites Of the Ratburi Group Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dolomites in SE Asia — varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration

Carnell

Wilson

2004

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Carbonates in SE Asia range in age from Palaeozoic to Recent, but are most important as reservoirs in the Neogene where they comprise a major target for hydrocarbon exploration (e.g. Batu Raja Formation, South Sumatra, Sunda and Northwest Java basins). Carbonates of pre-Tertiary, Palaeogene and Neogene age all show a strong diagenetic overprint in which dolomite occurs as both cementing and replacive phases associated with variable reservoir quality. This paper reviews published data on the occurrence and types of dolomites in SE Asian carbonates, and considers the models that have been used to explain the distribution and origin of dolomite within these rocks.Pre-Tertiary carbonates form part of the economic basement, and are little studied and poorly understood. Although some, such as in the Manusela Formation of Seram, may form possible hydrocarbon reservoirs, most are not considered to form economic prospects. They are best known from the platform carbonates of the Ratburi and Saraburi groups. in Thailand, and the oolitic grainstones of the Manusela Formation of Seram. The Ratburi Group shows extensive dolomitization with dolomite developed as an early replacive phase and as a late-stage cement.Palaeogene carbonates are widely developed in the region and are most commonly developed as extensive foraminifera-dominated carbonate shelfal systems around the margins of Sundaland (e.g. Tampur Formation, North Sumatra Basin and Tonasa Formation, Sulawesi) and the northern margins of Australia and the Birds Head microcontinent (e.g. Faumai Formation, Salawati Basin). Locally, carbonates of this age may form hydrocarbon reservoirs. Dolomite is variably recorded in these carbonates and the Tampur Formation, for example, contains extensive xenotopic dolomite.Neogene carbonates (e.g. Peutu Formation, North Sumatra) are commonly areally restricted, reef-dominated and developed in mixed carbonate-siliciclastic systems. They most typically show a strong diagenetic overprint with leaching, recrystallization, cementation and dolomitization all widespread. Hydrocarbon reservoirs are highly productive and common in carbonates of this age. Dolomite is variably distributed and its occurrence has been related to facies, karstification, proximity to carbonate margins and faults. The distribution and origin of the dolomite has been attributed to mixing-zone dolomitization (commonly in association with karstic processes), sulphate reduction via organic matter oxidation, and dewatering from the marine mudstones that commonly envelop the carbonate build-up.Dolomite has a variable association with reservoir quality in the region, and when developed as a replacive phase tends to be associated with improved porosity and permeability characteristics. This is particularly the case where it is developed as an early fabric-retentive phase. Cementing dolomite is detrimental to reservoir quality, although the extent of this degradation generally reflects the abundance and distribution of this dolomite.Dolomitization is also inferred to have influenced the distribution of non-hydrocarbon gases. This is best documented in North Sumatra where carbon dioxide occurs in quantities ranging from 0 to 85%. There are a number of possible mechanisms for generating this CO2 (e.g. mantle degassing), although the most likely source is considered to be the widely dolomitized Eocene Tampur Formation that forms effective basement for much of the basin. High heat flows are suggested to have resulted in the thermogenic decomposition of dolomite with CO2 produced as a by-product.

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Nang Nuan oil field, B6/27, Gulf of Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep-burial origin?

Cited by 48 publications

References 16 publications

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

The Karst Paradigm: Changes, Trends and Perspectives

Dolomites in SE Asia — varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration

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