Nano- and micro-hexagons of bismuth on polycrystalline copper: electrodeposition and heavy metal sensing

Abstract

Tuning the electroreduction of NO3−vis-à-vis Bi3+ results in nano-/micro-hexagons. Nanohexagons are highly sensitive to trace detection of lead.

Electrodeposition of Tin-Bismuth Alloys: Additives, Morphologies and Compositions

“…It is seen that bismuth (III) reduction is a single-step, three-electron-transfer process with a peak potential of  82 mV ( Fig. 1a), [29][30][31] whereas tin (IV) reduction is a two-step process, with a sharp peak at -202 mV and an increasing current starting from -502 mV (Fig. 1b), with the latter corresponding to Sn 4+ reduction to Sn 2+ , and the former to the reduction of Sn 2+ ions.…”

Controlled synthesis of truncated octahedral bismuth micron particles with giant positive magnetoresistance

“…The common methods were achieved in an acid media by adding acid like HNO 3 aqueous, 25 HCl aqueous, etc., for the reason of restrain the hydrolysis of Bi(III) in the water to the indissoluble complex ion [Bi 6 O 4+x (OH) 4-y ] (6-2x+y)+ with x=0, 1, 2; y=0, 1, 2, 3. The common methods were achieved in an acid media by adding acid like HNO 3 aqueous, 25 HCl aqueous, etc., for the reason of restrain the hydrolysis of Bi(III) in the water to the indissoluble complex ion [Bi 6 O 4+x (OH) 4-y ] (6-2x+y)+ with x=0, 1, 2; y=0, 1, 2, 3.…”

Electrodeposition of Bismuth in a Choline Chloride/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent under Ambient Atmosphere

“…In addition to the reflections due to the Ni substrate (designed by ᭜), all the diffraction patterns can be assigned to Bi. 6,8,23 It is noted from this figure that the texture of the Bi deposits varies with deposition potential. For example, at 30 • C, the intensity of the 012 and 024 reflections increases while the intensity of several other reflections, such as 003, 202, 107, decrease as the potential is made more negative, suggesting preferred orientation of the growth.…”

“…Moreover, similar to that was observed for the electrodeposition of Bi in a nitric acid bath, 6 step faceting is seen in some of the particles shown in the SEM images, suggesting that although the macrodeposit grows by three-dimensional nucleation and growth, each particle grows primarily by two-dimensional, layered growth which has also been observed in a nitric acid aqueous bath. 8 Potentiostatic electrolysis of a ethaline DES containing 50 mM, Bi(NO 3 ) 3 were also conducted at 60 • C with stirring. Shown in Fig.…”

“…Electrodeposition of Bi films with various morphologies and particles from micrometer to nanometer has been intensively studied in acid containing aqueous electrolytes without and with additives. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Electrodeposition of Bi has also been studied in organic 11 and molten salts. 12 Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) that are liquid at temperature below 100 • C have been considered more advantageous than organic electrolytes and high temperature molten salts because ILs are nonflammable, non-volatile, high thermal stability, and have a relatively good conductivity, as well as wide electrochemical window.…”