Nano- Bio- Textile Sensors with Mobile Wireless Platform for Wearable Health Monitoring of Neurological and Cardiovascular Disorders

Abstract

Neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and strokes are leading causes of mortality worldwide. Diagnostics and therapeutics for patients under timely point-of-care can save thousands of lives. However, lack of access to minimally-intrusive monitoring systems makes timely diagnosis difficult and sometimes impossible. Existing ambulatory recording equipment are incapable of performing continuous remote patient monitoring because of the inability of conventional silver-silver-chloride-gel-electrodes to perform long-term monitoring, non-reusability, lack of scalable-standardized wireless communication platforms, and user-friendly design. Recent progress in textile-based nanosensors and mobile platforms has resulted in novel wearable health monitoring systems for neurological and cardiovascular disorders. This review paper discusses nanostructured-textile-based dry electrodes that are better suited for long-term measurement of electrocardiography(ECG), electroencephalography(EEG), electrooculography(EOG), electromyography(EMG) and bioimpedance with very low baseline noise, improved sensitivity and seamless integration into garments of daily use. It presents bioelectromagnetic principles of origination and propagation of bioelectric signals and nanosensor functioning, which provide a unique perspective on development of novel wearable systems that harness their potential. Combined with stateof-the-art embedded wireless network devices to communicate with smartphone, laptop or directly to remote server through mobile network (GSM,4G-LTE,GPRS), they can function as wearable wireless health-diagnostic systems that are more intuitive to use.

Conductive Fiber‐Based Ultrasensitive Textile Pressure Sensor for Wearable Electronics

“…Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) where various electronic elements such as sensors, energy harvesting devices, field‐effect transistors, and antennas are integrated into fabrics have attracted considerable interest with the development of advanced flexible and wearable devices . A textile‐based pressure sensor, in particular, has been widely explored for a variety of applications to include caring for the elderly, diagnostics, monitoring patients, and human motion detection due to their integrability into clothes and beds. To realize the high‐performance textile‐based pressure sensor, various operation types of pressure sensors such as capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and optical have been developed.…”

Wearable and Implantable Devices for Cardiovascular Healthcare: from Monitoring to Therapy Based on Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

“…e) Optical image of the textile‐based ECG platforms for men (left) and women (right). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2014, The Electrochemical Society.…”

Recent Advances in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring

“…It is unclear whether this information is sufficient to indicate a concussion or severity of the concussion. Rai, et al [75] have developed a wireless helmet-based health-monitoring system that may provide more information in this regard. The system is a network of flexible sensors woven or printed into a skullcap worn under a helmet.…”