Nano-Drug Design Based on the Physiological Properties of Glutathione

Li, Wenhua; Li, Minghui; Qi, Jing

doi:10.3390/molecules26185567

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The unique structure of GSH makes it an important free radical scavenger in the body, and it plays a vital role in antioxidant, detoxification, immunity enhancement, and antitumor activity. Both of the above substances can protect the structure and function of the cell membrane from oxide damage and interference [ 24 ]. MDA is the product of lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts

Liu

Yuen³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Oxidative stress is the leading cause of skin aging damage. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers a decrease in collagen synthesis and an increase in collagen degradation, which are biomarkers of skin aging. We evaluated the potential protective mechanism of Sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins (SBP) against the oxidative stress-induced skin aging process from multiple aspects. We treated human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) with 300 µmoL/L of H2O2 for 24 h, followed by 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of SBP for 24 h. The results showed that SBP could enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), effectively remove excess ROS, and significantly improve the changes in cell morphology and viability caused by excessive ROS in skin cells. In addition, SBP could promote the synthesis of Col I in aging HSFs through the TGF-β1/Smads pathway and inhibit the degradation of Col I by regulating the MMPs/TIMPs system, thereby maintaining the stability of the ECM structure to achieve anti-aging purposes. Finally, we studied the migration ability of SBP, and the results showed that 100 µg/mL of SBP was most conducive to the cell migration of senescent cells, laying a foundation for follow-up animal experiments. These results will increase the application value of SBP in the cosmetic and antioxidative functional food industries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts

Liu

Yuen³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…Specifically, GSH has attracted interest in the drug delivery field. GSH's chemical name is γ-L-glutamyl-Lcysteinyl-glycine, and it is a peptide composed of glycine, cysteine, and L-glutamic acid [51]. GSH's concentration is used in drug delivery due to the abrupt concentration change between the intracellular (1-10 mM) and the extracellular environment (1-10 µM) [52][53][54] (Table 3).…”

Section: Redox Potential-responsivementioning

confidence: 99%

Single and Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Particles for Controlled Drug Delivery

2022

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Polymers that can change their properties in response to an external or internal stimulus have become an interesting platform for drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles can be used to decrease the toxicity of drugs, improve the circulation of hydrophobic drugs, and increase a drug’s efficacy. Furthermore, polymers that are sensitive to specific stimuli can be used to achieve controlled release of drugs into specific areas of the body. This review discusses the different stimuli that can be used for controlled drug delivery based on internal and external stimuli. Internal stimuli have been defined as events that evoke changes in different characteristics, inside the body, such as changes in pH, redox potential, and temperature. External stimuli have been defined as the use of an external source such as light and ultrasound to implement such changes. Special attention has been paid to the particular chemical structures that need to be incorporated into polymers to achieve the desired stimuli response. A current trend in this field is the incorporation of several stimuli in a single polymer to achieve higher specificity. Therefore, to access the most recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymers, the focus of this review is to combine several stimuli. The combination of different stimuli is discussed along with the chemical structures that can produce it.

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“…This approach comprises the use of viral vectors, such as adenovirus, lentivirus or adeno-associated viral (AAV), receptor mediated gene delivery or non-viral carriers, such as cationic molecules (small molecules, lipids and peptides), engineered exosomes or polymeric micelles and modified nanoparticles [ 111 ]. The implementation of nanotechnologies has provided tools to improve drug physical properties and stability inside the body and to specifically target the drugs to a target tissue [ 112 , 113 ]. In addition, gene editing therapy can make use of the CRISP/Cas9 gene editing technique to modify individual proteins, such as KEAP1 in [ 114 ].…”

Section: Antioxidants In Therapy—what Are the Problems?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Cellular Redox Homeostasis: A Challenge for Precision Medicine

Tretter

Hochreiter

Zach

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Living organisms use a large repertoire of anabolic and catabolic reactions to maintain their physiological body functions, many of which include oxidation and reduction of substrates. The scientific field of redox biology tries to understand how redox homeostasis is regulated and maintained and which mechanisms are derailed in diverse pathological developments of diseases, where oxidative or reductive stress is an issue. The term “oxidative stress” is defined as an imbalance between the generation of oxidants and the local antioxidative defense. Key mediators of oxidative stress are reactive species derived from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur that are signal factors at physiological concentrations but can damage cellular macromolecules when they accumulate. However, therapeutical targeting of oxidative stress in disease has proven more difficult than previously expected. Major reasons for this are the very delicate cellular redox systems that differ in the subcellular compartments with regard to their concentrations and depending on the physiological or pathological status of cells and organelles (i.e., circadian rhythm, cell cycle, metabolic need, disease stadium). As reactive species are used as signaling molecules, non-targeted broad-spectrum antioxidants in many cases will fail their therapeutic aim. Precision medicine is called to remedy the situation.

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Nano-Drug Design Based on the Physiological Properties of Glutathione

Cited by 19 publications

References 115 publications

Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts

Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts

Single and Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Particles for Controlled Drug Delivery

Understanding Cellular Redox Homeostasis: A Challenge for Precision Medicine

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