Nano‐Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen or Protons Using Palladium Nanoparticles: Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Hydrogen

Batchelor‐McAuley, Christopher; Banks, Craig E.; Simm, Andrew O.; Jones, Timothy G. J.; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/cphc.200500571

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Palladium was deposited on BDD electrodes for use in the determination of hydrazine [49] and also in an investigation of molecular hydrogen adsorption at the metal surface [65]. The Pd-BDD electrode exhibited very low electrochemical detection limits for the hydrazine, observing a 2.6 mM limit compared to the 1.8 mM limit for the palladium microarray.…”

Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Toghill¹,

Compton²

2010

Electroanalysis

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Metal nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been used in the electroanalysis of a number of inorganic and organic analytes. This simple surface modification has enhanced the sensitivity and analytical ability of BDD effectively and consistently, as reported in a number of publications overviewed herein. In this review, a number of metal nanoparticle systems that have utilized BDD electrodes will be discussed. The low capacitance of BDD makes it an ideal substrate for sensitive dynamic electroanalytical experiments. The metal nanoparticle modification of BDD offers a simple yet effective approach to enhancing the electroanalytical ability of the electrode material.

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Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Toghill¹,

Compton²

2010

Electroanalysis

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“…[39] Clearly, palladium hosted in Nafion could also have interesting catalytic properties, particularly given the reported electrocatalyitc activity of Pd in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). [20,[40][41][42][43] However, this avenue has barely been explored, in contrast to the activities described above. [20] In this paper, we report a novel procedure for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles capped with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (Pd-DMAP), to convey the nanoparticles with a positive A novel ultrathin Nafion-palladium nanocomposite film is developed by incorporating positively charged Pd nanoparticles, stabilized with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), into Nafion Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Functionalized Palladium Nanoparticles within Ultrathin Nafion Films: A Nanostructured Composite for Electrolytic and Redox‐Mediated Hydrogen Evolution

Li¹,

Bertoncello²,

Ciani³

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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A novel ultrathin Nafion‐palladium nanocomposite film is developed by incorporating positively charged Pd nanoparticles, stabilized with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), into Nafion Langmuir‐Schaefer (LS) films. The films show considerable activity for the redox‐catalyzed hydrogen‐evolution reaction, the rate of which scales with film thickness. The Nafion film can be deposited on both insulating (glass) and electrode (indium‐tin oxide) surfaces. The quantity of Pd nanoparticles immobilized can be controlled simply via the thickness of the Nafion film. The morphology of the films are investigated using AFM, which allows the number density of nanoparticles to be estimated for the thinnest (10 layers; 18 nm) films. Incorporation of nanoparticles is also determined with cyclic voltammetry and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The former method allows estimation of the electrochemically active surface area of Pd wired to the underlying electrode. A novel scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach is used to investigate the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles within the Nafion film, which allows the intrinsic activity to be determined. Single nanoparticle reactivities are extracted and are comparable to the activity of native nanoparticles on glass and to bulk Pd. It is found that neither Nafion encapsulation nor DMAP functionalization impair the electrocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles towards the HER. Nafion encapsulation thus provides a framework for the formation of interfaces, whose activity scales with film thickness. The creation of 3D materials opens up the possibility of carrying out redox‐mediated hydrogen evolution using solution species as the electron donor.

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“…[2b] Moreover, the central palladium ion in [Pd 13 -(PhAs) 8 O 32 ] 6À can be replaced by lanthanide and transitionmetal ions, so that the more general formulation MPd 12 L 8 (M = central metal ion, L = capping groups) is appropriate. [3] Very recently we reported the mixed-metal, bowl-shaped 6-vanado(V)- Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] The structure of each {CuPd 11 P 6 O 32 } building block is reminiscent of the parent "Pd 13 (6) ). All Pd II ions within the {CuPd 11 P 6 O 32 } fragment have the expected squareplanar coordination geometry and coordinate two oxygen atoms of the inner {O 8 } motif.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of the Dicopper(II)‐Containing 22‐Palladate(II)[Cu^II₂Pd^II₂₂P^V₁₂O₆₀(OH)₈]²⁰⁻

et al. 2011

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The recently discovered area of water-soluble noble-metalbased polyoxometalates (POMs) [1a] is currently developing fast, not only because of their interesting structures and properties but also because of the promising applications of these compounds. [1][2][3][4][5] Currently polyoxopalladates(II) are the noble-metalbased polyanion family comprising the largest number of members.In Figure 1). This polyanion contains the largest number of palladium ions yet found in polyoxopalladate chemistry. The bonding of each Cu II ion involves the rare eightfold oxo-coordination. Polyanion 1 has been prepared by heating of Pd 3 (CH 3 COO) 6 and Cu-(CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O in sodium phosphate buffer (0.5 m, pH 6.9), and isolated as a hydrated sodium salt, Na 20 [Cu 2 Pd 22 P 12 O 60 (OH) 8 ]·58 H 2 O (Na-1), which is stable in the solid state under air and light, is soluble in water, and can be repeatedly recrystallized from aqueous solution.The pH value of the reaction mixture is a crucial factor for the formation of Na-1. For example, at slightly lower pH values (6.0-6.2), we observed the formation of dark-red, octahedral crystals of a hydrated sodium salt of a compound with a {CuPd 12 P 8 } core, [5] the crystal structure and properties of which will be presented elsewhere. At the intermediate pH range 6.2-6.9, a mixture of the two compounds was obtained. In the absence of copper(II) ions, a similar synthetic

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Nano‐Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen or Protons Using Palladium Nanoparticles: Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Hydrogen

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Incorporation of Functionalized Palladium Nanoparticles within Ultrathin Nafion Films: A Nanostructured Composite for Electrolytic and Redox‐Mediated Hydrogen Evolution

Synthesis and Characterization of the Dicopper(II)‐Containing 22‐Palladate(II)[Cu^II₂Pd^II₂₂P^V₁₂O₆₀(OH)₈]²⁰⁻

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Nano‐Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen or Protons Using Palladium Nanoparticles: Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Hydrogen

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Incorporation of Functionalized Palladium Nanoparticles within Ultrathin Nafion Films: A Nanostructured Composite for Electrolytic and Redox‐Mediated Hydrogen Evolution

Synthesis and Characterization of the Dicopper(II)‐Containing 22‐Palladate(II)[CuII2PdII22PV12O60(OH)8]20−

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Synthesis and Characterization of the Dicopper(II)‐Containing 22‐Palladate(II)[Cu^II₂Pd^II₂₂P^V₁₂O₆₀(OH)₈]²⁰⁻