Nano-formulations of hesperidin and essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel: Chemical Properties and Biological Activities

Abstract

Citrus EOs and Flavonoids are widely recognized for their beneficial effects in possessing many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, also using in food additives and in the cosmetic industry. The aim of this work is to produce nanoparticles of hesperidin and citrus EO extracted from waste orange peels, and study its biological impact compared to native products (hesperidin and citrus EO) as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. Obtained products (nanoformulation) are characterized by zeta potential, electron scanning microscopy, spectrophotometric method and color analysis. The final products (nano-formulation) were examined as antioxidant agent by two assays (DPPH and ABTS analysis). The antioxidant activity of nano hesperidin and citrus EO was evaluated and compared with none formulated. Nanoparticles of hesperidin and citrus EO have a great potential in DNA damage prevention compared to their respective controls which were examined by DNA damage assay induced by oxidative stress protection analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of nano formulated hesperidin and citrus EO, towards (three cancerous cell lines, including: breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116) and liver (HepG2), and two non-cancerous control cell lines (fibroblast BJ-1and MCF-12F) compared with native product (citrus EO and hesperidin) were examined using MTT assay. The hesperidin and citrus EO NPs showed a positive effect on the inhibition of the proliferation of all tested cancer cell line. The antimicrobial activity of hesperidin, citrus EO and their nano formulation form was evaluated using well diffusion assay. The nano formulation form of hesperidin and citrus EO showed to improve the antimicrobial activity. These findings showed that nano-hesperidin and nano -citrus EOs play an important role as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic agent's effects. These effects might be used for clinical trials and can represent driving formulation for novel chemotherapeutic agents and in food industry. Further studies about the therapeutic effects of nanohesperidin and citrus EO extracted from Egyptian orange peel are requested

Highly Antifungal Activity of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Candida albicans

“…For cytotoxicity assays using nanoparticles, regularly breast cancer cells are used. However, it has already been shown that cancer lines such as MCF-7 can be induced apoptosis with nanoparticles, and the same nanomaterial does not present any cytotoxic effect in non-cancer lines such as MCF-12F and MCF-10A [ 46 , 47 ]. In a recent study, the fibroblasts exposed to biosynthesized copper nanoparticles displayed uniform growth and normal morphology, reflecting good biocompatibility [ 48 ].…”

Lemon peel essential oil and its nano-formulation to control Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The mixture was cooled at 4 °C for 24 h and ground in a refrigerated mortar. Finally, the product was sieved using a stainless-steel sieve (230 mesh), stored at room temperature in an airtight container 25 , 26 .…”

The Effect of Replacing Wheat Flour with Mango Peel Powder and Studying its Chemical and Microbial Properties in the Laboratory Cake

“…Antioxidant, increases the shelf life of food products and this is a good opportunity to benefit from the waste of fruits and vegetables to fortify food products. (2) shows the chemical tests of mango peel powder and the treatments of the fortified cake product, which include protein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrates and fiber. Through the results, it is noted that the protein and fat content of the treatments increases with the increase in replacement rates (10,20,30%) compared to the control treatment, Fortifying wheat with mango peel powder improves the of protein and also leads to an increase in the percentage of fat in the treatments, and this is due to the mango peels containing a percentage of fat, and this was confirmed by a study [25].…”

“…Mango peels are high in polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fiber, vitamin E, vitamin C, essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition to containing antioxidant properties due to the presence of many biologically active compounds in the pulp and peel of the mango such as gallic acid, gallotanin, quercetin, ingiverin, and ellagic acid, it has an important role in inhibiting free radicals and has IOP Publishing doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1158/11/112005 2 antibacterial activity against some types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds [2,3]. Synthetic antioxidant compounds such as butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA) are often used in processed foods, these compounds have some carcinogenic side effects, which has led to a growing interest in natural antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables due to their safety, nutritional and therapeutic value [4].…”