Nano-Medicine as a Newly Emerging Approach to Combat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Saravanan, Muthupandian; Asmalash, Tsehaye; Gebrekidan, Atsebaha; Gebreegziabiher, Dawit; Araya, Tadele; Hilekiros, Haftamu; Barabadi, Hamed; Ramanathan, Kumaresan

doi:10.2174/2211738506666180209095710

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…NPs have a diameter ranging from 10 to 1,000 nm and may or may not contain drug substance. 57 The size of NPs provide that they have the capacity of encapsulating drugs. 58 The particle size of NPs synthesized by PBAE ranged from 100 to 400 nm in previous reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy

et al. 2018

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Persistent high-risk HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. The HPV oncogene E7 plays an important role in HPV carcinogenesis. Currently, HPV vaccines do not offer an effective treatment for women who already present with cervical disease, and recommended periodical cervical screenings are difficult to perform in countries and areas lacking medical resources. Our aim was to develop nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE) and HPV16 E7-targeting CRISPR/short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce the levels of HPV16 E7 as a preliminary form of a drug to treat HPV infection and its related cervical malignancy. Our NPs showed low toxicity in cells and mouse organs. By reducing the expression of HPV16 E7, our NPs could inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice, and they could reverse the malignant cervical epithelium phenotype in HPV16 transgenic mice. The performance of NPs containing shRNA is better than that of NPs containing CRISPR. HPV-targeting NPs consisting of PBAE and CRISPR/shRNA could potentially be developed as drugs to treat HPV infection and HPV-related cervical malignancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy

et al. 2018

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“…In recent years, the use of nanoparticles in vaccine delivery has become a popular area of research. Drugs, vaccines, and even genes can be encapsulated and delivered to target sites within the body using vehicles such as liposomes, nanospheres/capsules, and micelles (Saravanan et al, ; Singh, Kruger, Maguire, Govender, & Parboosing, ). In addition, the controlled release, targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues, and greater efficacy produce a potent cell‐mediated and humoral response.…”

Section: Nanoparticles To Mimick Viruses: Potential Therapeutic Targets?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Masters of manipulation: Viral modulation of the immunological synapse

Bayliss

Piguet

2018

Cellular Microbiology

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In order to thrive, viruses have evolved to manipulate host cell machinery for their own benefit. One major obstacle faced by pathogens is the immunological synapse. To enable efficient replication and latency in immune cells, viruses have developed a range of strategies to manipulate cellular processes involved in immunological synapse formation to evade immune detection and control T-cell activation. In vitro, viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus 1 and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 utilise structures known as virological synapses to aid transmission of viral particles from cell to cell in a process termed trans-infection. The formation of the virological synapse provides a gateway for virus to be transferred between cells avoiding the extracellular space, preventing antibody neutralisation or recognition by complement. This review looks at how viruses are able to subvert intracellular signalling to modulate immune function to their advantage and explores the role synapse formation has in viral persistence and cell-to-cell transmission.

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“…Nanomedicine can be categorised as one of four types: nanocarriers, polymer therapeutics, solid drug nanoparticles (SDN), and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) (Niemirowicz et al, 2012;Busquets et al, 2015;McDonald et al, 2015;Giardiello et al, 2016;Saravanan et al, 2018). The conjugation between drugs and watersoluble polymers is aimed at overcoming bioavailability issues through drug encapsulation onto nanoparticle surfaces or within nanocarriers.…”

Section: Nanomedicine -The Scope Of Poverty Related Diseases (Prd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, visceral leishmaniasis is more life threatening in cases where no proper treatment is available. In terms of HIV, Sub-Saharan Africa still bears the largest global share of the burden, with the highest number of people living with HIV as well as the highest number of new HIV infections, AIDS-related deaths and the highest adult HIV prevalence (UNAIDS, 2010). HIV infection weakens the immune system and as such exposes the patient to other infectious diseases such as TB, malaria and leishmaniasis.…”

Section: African Perspective Of Nanomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers for the development, translation, and implementation of nanomedicine: an African perspective

Saravanan

Ramachandran

Barabadi

et al. 2018

J of Interdiscip Nanomed

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Nanotechnology is a branch of science, which empowers innovation to discover new medical technologies, improving current diagnostic and treatment methods. The scope of nanotechnology focuses mainly on "technology transfer", in which research aims to facilitate the application of recent nanoscience techniques to conventional medicine development methodologies. Nanomedicine is attractive to researchers who wish to target specific infectious diseases associated with poverty, which is highlighted through the many pertinent examples of recent breakthroughs in nanomedicine. An overview is provided in this study to highlight the barriers and implementation of nanomedicine for various infectious diseases in the African continent. Patient backgrounds provide the greatest of challenges for new technologies in terms of improving bioavailability and dosage. This review points out the current situation of nanomedicine in Africa and explores the possibility of how nanomedicine could improve patient drug regimens and wellbeing.

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Nano-Medicine as a Newly Emerging Approach to Combat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Abstract: Nanomedicine may be a proper approach in HIV/AIDS therapy by means of offering lower dosage and side effect, better patient-to-patient consistency, bioavailability, target specificity and improved sensitivity of HIV diagnosis.

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy

Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy

Masters of manipulation: Viral modulation of the immunological synapse

Barriers for the development, translation, and implementation of nanomedicine: an African perspective

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