Nano-metal oxide: potential catalyst on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Chaturvedi, Shalini; Dave, Pragnesh N.

doi:10.1080/17458080.2010.517571

Cited by 110 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…At present, it is well known that a scheme of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate as a version of proton mechanism proposed by Jackobs can be presented as follow [18]: The most essential feature of the thermal decomposition of AP is the two stages decomposition, low-temperature decomposition, and high-temperature decomposition commonly referred as LTD and HTD, respectively [15]. At first, a proton passing from the ammonium ion to perchlorate ion becomes mobile and then the gaseous NH 3 [20]. However, the decomposition behavior of AP will be different with the help Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites as compared to the pure AP.…”

Section: Catalytic Properties Of Cu-cr-pb Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu–Cr–Pb nanocomposites

Hao

Liu

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this study, we present the synthesis of CuCr-Pb nanocomposites by a simple co-precipitation method and evaluate the catalytic performance of the asfabricated Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetric techniques were employed to characterize the crystal phases, sizes and catalytic properties of as-obtained Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites, respectively. The results revealed that dropping Pb in CuCr 2 O 4 could form Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites. The structure, size and catalytic property of the as-synthesized Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites are closely relevant to the Cu/Pb molar ratio in the starting reactants. Noticeably, when Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites were synthesized under the condition of the molar ratio of Cu/Pb = 4:1, the dispersion is better, the size distribution is narrower, and the catalytic performance for AP is more effective than those of the particles obtained by other Cu/Pb molar ratios, which may lead to potential applications of Cu-Cr-Pb nanocomposites in AP-based solid propellants in future.

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Section: Catalytic Properties Of Cu-cr-pb Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu–Cr–Pb nanocomposites

Hao

Liu

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…In a comparative study with various types of iron oxides ranging from 30 m to 4-10 nm, Reina et al showed that NANOCAT Ultrafine Iron Oxide could increase up to 100 % the burn rate of non-catalyzed propellant [13]. An extensive research regarding effect of burn rate catalysts has been carried out in the past [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Nanocomposites as Burn Rate Catalyst for Composite Solid Propellants

Bagalkote

Grinstein

Natan

2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In the present study the effect of addition of Al/Fe2O3 based energetic nanocomposites (ENC) to non‐aluminized and aluminized propellants was investigated. Comparative study was carried out using n‐Fe2O3 as burn rate catalyst. Ferric oxide xerogel and Al/Fe2O3 ENC were synthesized by sol‐gel method. The dried xerogel was characterised by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM and SEM images reveal presence of porous interconnected ferric oxide clusters of size 3–5 nm and intimate mixing of the ingredients at nanoscale in case of ENC. XRD analysis shows amorphous nature of the ferric oxide xerogel. Fe2O3 and FeO(OH) are the major constituents (>84 %) of the xerogel as confirmed by XPS analysis. Thermal analysis of the ENC indicates that the composition is energetic in nature. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the safety of the ENC during propellant processing. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results for propellant samples show that the Al/Fe2O3 ENC is a better catalyst for AP decomposition than n−Fe2O3. Burn rate studies of ENC catalyzed propellants with μ‐Al and with n‐Al were carried out using acoustic strand burner. The results indicate that ENCs can be promising catalysts for composite propellants.

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“…It has been shown that copper(II) oxide nanocrystals are a suitable additive for catalytic decomposition of AP, and can significantly reduce the HTD temperature and increase the heat released with respect to pure AP [23]. This action of CuO can be considerably improved by decreasing its particle size to the nanometer scale [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results showed that the nitrate salt was a better precursor, and thus was employed in further experiments. There have been many studies on the mechanism of the effect of nanoparticles as catalysts in the thermal decomposition of AP, but this still remains unresolved [24]. However, from these studies two mechanisms were proposed which are based on the proton and electron transfer theory and are associated with the LTD and HTD, respectively [38].…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles by the Chemical Liquid Deposition Method and Investigation of its Catalytic Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Eslami¹,

Juibari²,

Hosseini³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:Copper oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by the chemical liquid deposition method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD and SEM results showed that the particle size was between 50 nm and 70 nm. Ammonium perchlorate (AP)-CuO nanostructures have been prepared by ex-situ mixing of AP and CuO nanoparticles, while AP/CuO nanocomposites have been obtained by in-situ growth of nano CuO on the surface of AP. The effect of the nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of AP has been examined by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The results showed that the ex-situ prepared nanoparticles had better catalytic activity than the in-situ prepared ones. The effect of the synthesized nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of AP in experiments with a AP to CuO ratio of 98:2 was as follows: with the ex-situ prepared experiments, the decomposition temperature decreased from 428 °C to 348 °C and the heat released increased from 344 J·g −1 to 1432 J·g

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Nano-metal oxide: potential catalyst on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Cited by 110 publications

References 80 publications

Cu–Cr–Pb nanocomposites

Cu–Cr–Pb nanocomposites

Energetic Nanocomposites as Burn Rate Catalyst for Composite Solid Propellants

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles by the Chemical Liquid Deposition Method and Investigation of its Catalytic Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

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