Nano/Micro Hierarchical Bioceramic Coatings for Bone Implant Surface Treatments

Abstract

Bone implants with surface modifications that promote the physiological activities of osteoblasts are the first step for osseointegration in bone repair. Hydroxyapatite is the main inorganic component in mammal bones and teeth, and nanoscaled hydroxyapatite promotes the adhesion of osteoblastic cells. In this study, we created a nano/micro hierarchical structure using micro-arc oxidation coatings and hydrothermal treatments at 150 °C, 175 °C, and 200 °C for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. After undergoing hydrothermal treatment for 24 h, CaTiO3 began forming regular-shaped crystals at the surface at 175 °C. In order to decrease the CaTiO3 formations and increase the apatite fabrication, a shorter time of hydrothermal treatment was required at 175 °C. There was still surface damage on samples treated for 6 h at 175 °C; however, the nano/micro hierarchical structures were formed in 2 h at 175 °C. The normalized alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of the MC3T3-E1 cells with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings and nano/micro hierarchical bioceramics coatings were 4.51 ± 0.26 and 7.36 ± 0.51 μmol p-NP/mg protein (*** P value of <0.001), respectively. The MC3T3-E1 cells with coatings showed highly statistically significant results in terms of the ALP activity. This proposed nano/micro hierarchical structure promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. This study realized a promising nano system for osseointegration via bone implant surface treatments, which can promote the physiological activities of osteoblasts.

Construction and osteogenic effects of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy loaded with VEGF/BMP-2 shell-core microspheres in a sustained-release system

“…Various studies have performed surface modification on porous titanium alloys to improve osseointegration (Li et al, 2019). The surface changes of porous titanium alloy, such as surface roughness, biomaterial coating or growth factors, can improve the biological activity of the material surface, induce and enhance bone regeneration, and ultimately reduce bone integration time (Chen et al, 2020;Thukkaram et al, 2020).…”

Micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology

“…b Local drug administration from microneedles combined with NIR for better and further target penetration, resulting in little damage, no swelling, and fast recovery 78 . c Nano- and microstructures with nanoscale hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HA) prepared by the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique for improved osteoconductivity/osteoinductivity and increased protein adsorption, angiogenesis, and bone bonding 81 . d Aligned TiO 2 nanopores on a Ti substrate with preserved roughness to selectively regulate the proliferation and arrangement of specific cells.…”

“…In addition to treatment devices, micro/nanostructures can also help enhance the function of oral implants because natural bone tissues have a micro/nanoscale hierarchical structure with a mineral phase composed of calcium and phosphorus 80 . Therefore, oral implants with surface modifications promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts for osseointegration in bone repair 81 . The microscale ceramic coating on a titanium (Ti) substrate in one study was created by a microarc oxidation technique, which provides high hardness and wear resistance, as well as phosphoric acid to form a bioactive calcium phase on the implant surface for a hard tissue interface (Fig.…”

“…The microscale ceramic coating on a titanium (Ti) substrate in one study was created by a microarc oxidation technique, which provides high hardness and wear resistance, as well as phosphoric acid to form a bioactive calcium phase on the implant surface for a hard tissue interface (Fig. 6c ) 81 . Because hydroxyapatite is the main inorganic component in mammalian bones and teeth, nanoscale hydroxyapatite also promotes the adhesion of osteoblastic cells.…”

Biopolymers Hybrid Particles Used in Dentistry

“…Hydroxyapatite is a primary constituent of bones and teeth in vertebrates and is known for its biocompatible, bioactive, osteoconductive, non-toxic, non-inflammatory, and non-immunogenic properties [ 25 ]. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized in various ways, including via dry, wet, and high-temperature methods [ 26 ]. By choosing different methods and manipulating operating parameters properly, we can synthesize tailor-made hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.…”