Nano-sulfur confined in a 3D carbon nanotube/graphene network as a free-standing cathode for high-performance Li–S batteries

Wei, Meng; Zhu, Hongxia; Zhai, Pengcheng; An, Longkun; Geng, Hengyi; Xu, Shengyuan; Zhang, Tao

doi:10.1039/d2na00494a

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Notably, after 200 cycles, the charge transfer resistance decreases compared with the pristine cell. This reduction implies that sulfur/LiPSs have closer contact with the conductive NPCS skeleton, leading to decreased charge transfer resistance . In Figure h, we employ an equivalent circuit to model the Nyquist plot of the S/NPCS electrode before and after cycling, encompassing R ct , W o , R s (electrolyte resistance), and CPE (constant phase element). , The fitting R ct values for the S/NPCS cathode before and after 200 cycles are 9.2 and 5.5 Ω, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulating Sulfur into a Gel-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous and Microporous Carbon Sponge for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Sun,

Liu,

Xie

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The practical application of Li–S batteries (LSBs) has long been impeded by the inefficient utilization of sulfur and slow kinetics. Utilizing conductive carbonaceous frameworks as a host scaffold presents an efficient and cost-effective approach to enhance sulfur utilization for redox reactions in LSBs. However, the interaction of pure carbon materials with lithium polysulfide intermediates (LiPSs) is limited to weak van der Waals forces. Hence, the development of an economical method for synthesizing heteroatom-doped carbon materials for sulfur fixation is of paramount importance. In this study, we introduce a hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon sponge (NPCS) with an exceptionally high BET surface area of 3182.2 m2 g–1, achieved through a facile template-assisted polymerization method. The incorporation of inorganic salts, free radical polymerization, and deuteric freeze-drying techniques facilitates the formation of hierarchical pores within the NPCS. After sulfur fixation, the resulting S/NPCS electrode demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance in LSBs. Specifically, it achieves an 80% sulfur utilization rate, maintains a high reversible specific capacity of 400 mA h g–1 even after 600 cycles at a demanding current density of 5.0 A g–1, and exhibits superior rate capability. It is believed that this work will inspire the rational design of cost-effective carbon-based electrodes for high-performance LSBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulating Sulfur into a Gel-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous and Microporous Carbon Sponge for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Sun,

Liu,

Xie

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The intertwined carbon nanotube provided a porous network that functioned as the backbone of the robust substrate and created sufficient space to accommodate the active material. [18] The graphene entrapped in the carbon nanotube fabric enhanced electrical conductivity and served as lithium nucleation plates. [19,20] C25G75, C50G50, and C75G25 were synthesized as substrates to develop the optimal electrodes for a lithium-sulfur cell.…”

Section: Characterization Of Carbon Structural Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of a High‐Loading Polysulfide Cathode and a Thin‐Lithium Anode for Developing Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Full Cells

Chung

2023

Small

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Lithium‐sulfur cells are attractive energy‐storage systems because of their high energy density and the electrochemical utilization rates of the high‐capacity lithium‐metal anode and the low‐cost sulfur cathode. The commercialization of high‐performance lithium–sulfur cells with high discharge capacity and cyclic stability requires the optimization of practical cell‐design parameters. Herein, a carbon structural material composed of a carbon nanotube skeleton entrapping conductive graphene is synthesized as an electrode substrate. The carbon structural material is optimized to develop a high‐loading polysulfide cathode with a high sulfur loading capacity (6–12 mg cm−2), rate performance (C/10–C/2), and cyclic stability for 200 cycles. A thin lithium anode based on the carbon structural material is developed and exhibits long lithium stripping/plating stability for ≈2500 h with a lithium‐ion transference number of 0.68. A lean‐electrolyte lithium–sulfur full cell with a low electrolyte‐to‐sulfur ratio of 6 µL mg−1 is constructed with the designed high‐loading polysulfide cathode and the thin lithium anode. The integration of all the critical cell‐design parameters endows the lithium–sulfur full cell with a low negative‐to‐positive capacity ratio of 2.4, while exhibiting stable cyclability with an initial discharge capacity of 550 mAh g−1 and 60% capacity retention after 200 cycles.

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“…Despite being discovered over 30 years ago [1,2], there continues to be a constant stream of progress associated with the carbon nanotube (CNT) because of its excellent mechanical and electronic properties [3,4]. One of the important methods to achieve the practical applications of CNTs is to assemble them into macro-structures, including CNT-based yarns, fibers, films and foams [5][6][7] as well as composite structures such as hetero-junctions and hybrid nanocomposites [8,9]. These CNT-based structures have shown promising potential in various fields, from flexible electronic devices to biological engineering [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanism of the Structure-Dependent Mechanical Performance of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Hierarchical Networks from a Deformation Mode Perspective

Shi,

He,

Liu

2023

Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based networks have wide applications, in which structural design and control are important to achieve the desired performance. This paper focuses on the mechanism behind the structure-dependent mechanical performance of a CNT-based hierarchical network, named a super carbon nanotube (SCNT), which can provide valuable guidance for the structural design of CNT-based networks. Through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, the mechanical properties of the SCNTs were found to be affected by the arrangement, length and chirality of the CNTs. Different CNT arrangements cause variations of up to 15% in the ultimate tensile strains of the SCNTs. The CNT length determines the tangent elastic modulus of the SCNTs at the early stage. Changing the CNT chirality could transform the fracture modes of the SCNT from brittle to ductile. The underlying mechanisms were found to be associated with the deformation mode of the SCNTs. All the SCNTs undergo a top-down hierarchical deformation process from the network-level angle variations to the CNT-level elongations, but some vital details vary, such as the geometrical parameters. The CNT arrangement induces different deformation contributors of the SCNTs. The CNT length affects the beginning point of the CNT elongation deformation. The CNT chirality plays a crucial role in the stability of the junction’s atomic topology, where the crack propagation commences.

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Nano-sulfur confined in a 3D carbon nanotube/graphene network as a free-standing cathode for high-performance Li–S batteries

Abstract: A free-standing nano sulfur-based carbon nanotube/graphene (S/CNT/G) film with a conducting interlinked three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitecture is fabricated via a facile solution-based method. This 3D multidimensional carbon−sulfur network combines three different...

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Encapsulating Sulfur into a Gel-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous and Microporous Carbon Sponge for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Encapsulating Sulfur into a Gel-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous and Microporous Carbon Sponge for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Rational Design of a High‐Loading Polysulfide Cathode and a Thin‐Lithium Anode for Developing Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Full Cells

Understanding the Mechanism of the Structure-Dependent Mechanical Performance of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Hierarchical Networks from a Deformation Mode Perspective

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