Nano-titanium oxide doped with gold, silver, and palladium — synthesis and structural characterization

Abstract

Nano-titania doped with noble metals (Au/TiO2, Ag/TiO2, Pd/TiO2) has been synthesized by mild hydrolysis of the mixture of metal salts or complexes and titanium isopropoxide ((iPr-O)4Ti). After thermal decomposition of the obtained precursors, nanomaterials were formed. Morphological characterization of the nanomaterials was provided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereological analysis, determining the BET specific surface area, and BJH nanoporosity (pore volume, pore size). It has been found that the structure of nanomaterials (size of nanoparticles and agglomerates) depended strongly on the method of the (iPr-O)4Ti hydrolysis. A minor dependence on the kind of solvents and precursors of noble metals was observed. The presence of doping metal nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nanomaterial phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the XRD patterns, Ag/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 products with doping metals in their oxidized form contain Ag-Ti and Pd-Ti phases. Peaks of the metal oxides Ag2O and PdO are absent in the XRD patterns. The average size of TiO2 nanoparticles is situated in the region of 20–60 nm, whereas metals are present as about 10–15 nm sized particles and fine nanoparticles.

Synthesis and Bioactivity of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Alumina‐Noble Metal Nanocomposite Flakes

“…) and were slightly higher in comparison with the same nanoparticles deposited on the surface of RGO. It should be noted that the morphology of the nanoparticles in general was similar to pure Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles previously obtained by us, and due to enable examining of Me particles embedded in the Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, the TEM analysis must be employed.…”

The ecotoxicity of graphene family materials: current status, knowledge gaps and future needs

“…These mentioned measurement methods should be also applicable for GFMs toxicological analyses. Unfortunately, the most important physicochemical parameters of nanomaterials such as morphology, particle and agglomerate average size (Ziemkowska et al 2014), elemental and phase composition, porosity, surface area (Gryczka et al 2014), surface reactivity (Jastrzębska et al 2011a;Jastrzębska et al 2011b;Jastrzębska 2011c;Jusza et al 2011), surface charge measured as zeta potential, dispersion stability and hydrodynamic diameter analysis (Kurtycz et al 2013) are not always determined together with their ecotoxicological behavior. Moreover, we found that the characterization methods in various articles in most cases considerably overshoot (Table 2).…”

The toxicity in vitro of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with noble metals on mammalian cells

“…As can be seen, still, it is very little known on the cytotoxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with various noble metals in the nanocomposite form. This is mainly due to the fact that the TiO 2 ‐based nanocomposite particles analyzed for toxicity were prepared using different methods and techniques . In other studies, the nanocomposite systems were not synthesized and the TiO 2 nanoparticles were compared to separately prepared other types of nanoparticles .…”