Nano-X-ray diffraction study of single Co-implanted ZnO nanowires

Abstract

This work reports on the long‐range order of single as‐implanted and annealed ZnO:Co nanowires studied using a hard X‐ray nanoprobe. For all nanowires, nano‐X‐ray fluorescence maps reveal a homogeneous distribution of Co ions implanted along the nanowires. For the as‐implanted nanowires, however, nano‐X‐ray diffraction data shows a larger deviation from the bulk ZnO lattice along the c‐axis induced by the ion implantation process. For the thermally annealed nanowires, on the other hand, the c lattice parameter is similar to the one of bulk wurtzite ZnO. The structural analysis of individual nanowires highlights the importance of the subsequent thermal annealing and emphasizes the critical role of the unavoidable damage created by the ion‐implantation process. Such defects ultimately limit the use of semiconductor nanowires.

Influence of carbon-ion irradiation on the superconducting critical properties of MgB2 thin films

“…Unlike MB400nm, the c-axis lattice parameter of MB800nm does not fully regain its value to that in the pristine state after thermal annealing at 500 °C, indicating that the C ions implanted into MB800nm remain in the films as interstitial defects. These results indicate that lattice distortion by Frenkel disorder, such as interstitials and vacancies, is mainly produced by C ions traveling through the MgB 2 because thermal annealing for a short period (30 min) was sufficient enough to restore the expanded lattice parameter of the irradiated MgB 2 films to that in the pristine state [13,34,35].…”

“…These results indicate that lattice distortion by Frenkel disorder, such as interstitials and vacancies, is mainly produced by C ions traveling through the MgB 2 because thermal annealing for a short period (30 min.) was sufficient enough to restore the expanded lattice parameter of the irradiated MgB 2 films to that in the pristine state [13,35,36]. Furthermore, the kink observed in MB800nm irradiated with a fluence of 1E15 disappears by thermal annealing, underlining that it originated due to the T c difference between the irradiated and non-irradiated layers in MB800nm, as discussed in figure 2(d).…”

“…These results indicate that lattice distortion by Frenkel disorder, such as interstitials and vacancies, is mainly produced by C ions traveling through the MgB 2 because thermal annealing for a short period (30 min.) was sufficient enough to restore the expanded lattice parameter of the irradiated MgB 2 films to that in the pristine state [13,35,36].…”

Spatially Resolved Dynamics of Cobalt Color Centers in ZnO Nanowires

“…[ 25 , 26 ] Therefore, these nanowires can be assumed to have high structural order without significant lattice distortion of interatomic distances after annealing. [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]…”