Abstract:Nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HAP), including MoO 3 , HAP/MoO 3 , HAP/GO and HAP/MoO 3 /GO have been studied to be suggested for biological usage. The different compositions were investigated using FTIR, XRD, EDS, and XPS analysis. The tight relation between morphological features and composites' chemical ingredients was also studied. According to TEM micrographs, it was mentioned that the disappearance of well-defined grains after the combinations of HAP and MoO 3 , while graphene oxide (GO) caused … Show more
“…3 . Besides Ca, P, and O, which are the main constituent elements of the HAp structure, there is a noticeable amount of C in the spectra of the samples due to the dissolving the present CO 2 in the atmosphere in the aqueous electrolyte, in accordance with the literature 33 . The C 1s spectrum is fitted with four components peaked at 284.8 eV (C–C, C–H), 286.2 ± 0.1 eV (C–OH, C–OC), 287.9 ± 0.2 eV (C=O), and 289.0 eV ± 0.1 eV (COOH, CO 3 2− ).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As it is seen, the binding energy values for Ca 2p 3/2 and P 2p 3/2 are 346.9 eV and 132.9 eV, respectively, which agree with the energies of Ca–O and P–O bonds in the microstructure of the standard HAp 34 . Furthermore, the O 1s peak at a binding energy of 531 eV corresponds to the hydroxyl ions of the HAp and oxide species 33 . Figure 4 Representative high-resolution XPS spectra of Ca 2p, P 2p, O 1s, and Nb 3d regions for sample HANb3.…”
NiTi is a class of metallic biomaterials, benefit from superelastic behavior, high biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties close to that of bone. However, the Ni ion leaching, poor bioactivity, and antibacterial activity limit its clinical applications. In this study, HAp-Nb2O5 composite layers were PC electrodeposited from aqueous electrolytes containing different concentrations of the Nb2O5 particles, i.e., 0–1 g/L, to evaluate the influence of the applied surface engineering strategy on in vitro immersion behavior, Ni2+ ion leaching level, and antibacterial activity of the bare NiTi. Surface characteristics of the electrodeposited layers were analyzed using SEM, TEM, XPS, and AFM. The immersion behavior of the samples was comprehensively investigated through SBF and long-term PBS soaking. Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infective reference bacteria were employed to address the antibacterial activity of the samples. The results illustrated that the included particles led to more compact and smoother layers. Unlike bare NiTi, composite layers stimulated apatite formation upon immersion in both SBF and PBS media. The concentration of the released Ni2+ ion from the composite layer, containing 0.50 g/L Nb2O5 was ≈ 60% less than that of bare NiTi within 30 days of immersion in the corrosive PBS solution. The Nb2O5-reinforced layers exhibited high anti-adhesive activity against both types of pathogenic bacteria. The hybrid metallic-ceramic system comprising HAp-Nb2O5-coated NiTi offers the prospect of a potential solution for clinical challenges facing the orthopedic application of NiTi.
“…3 . Besides Ca, P, and O, which are the main constituent elements of the HAp structure, there is a noticeable amount of C in the spectra of the samples due to the dissolving the present CO 2 in the atmosphere in the aqueous electrolyte, in accordance with the literature 33 . The C 1s spectrum is fitted with four components peaked at 284.8 eV (C–C, C–H), 286.2 ± 0.1 eV (C–OH, C–OC), 287.9 ± 0.2 eV (C=O), and 289.0 eV ± 0.1 eV (COOH, CO 3 2− ).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As it is seen, the binding energy values for Ca 2p 3/2 and P 2p 3/2 are 346.9 eV and 132.9 eV, respectively, which agree with the energies of Ca–O and P–O bonds in the microstructure of the standard HAp 34 . Furthermore, the O 1s peak at a binding energy of 531 eV corresponds to the hydroxyl ions of the HAp and oxide species 33 . Figure 4 Representative high-resolution XPS spectra of Ca 2p, P 2p, O 1s, and Nb 3d regions for sample HANb3.…”
NiTi is a class of metallic biomaterials, benefit from superelastic behavior, high biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties close to that of bone. However, the Ni ion leaching, poor bioactivity, and antibacterial activity limit its clinical applications. In this study, HAp-Nb2O5 composite layers were PC electrodeposited from aqueous electrolytes containing different concentrations of the Nb2O5 particles, i.e., 0–1 g/L, to evaluate the influence of the applied surface engineering strategy on in vitro immersion behavior, Ni2+ ion leaching level, and antibacterial activity of the bare NiTi. Surface characteristics of the electrodeposited layers were analyzed using SEM, TEM, XPS, and AFM. The immersion behavior of the samples was comprehensively investigated through SBF and long-term PBS soaking. Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infective reference bacteria were employed to address the antibacterial activity of the samples. The results illustrated that the included particles led to more compact and smoother layers. Unlike bare NiTi, composite layers stimulated apatite formation upon immersion in both SBF and PBS media. The concentration of the released Ni2+ ion from the composite layer, containing 0.50 g/L Nb2O5 was ≈ 60% less than that of bare NiTi within 30 days of immersion in the corrosive PBS solution. The Nb2O5-reinforced layers exhibited high anti-adhesive activity against both types of pathogenic bacteria. The hybrid metallic-ceramic system comprising HAp-Nb2O5-coated NiTi offers the prospect of a potential solution for clinical challenges facing the orthopedic application of NiTi.
“…The XPS survey spectrum of the S1 sample comprises Ca 2p, P 2p, and O 1s peaks, as the main precursors of HAp structure, along with a C 1s peak, originating from the dissolving of the atmospheric CO 2 in the plating bath. 47 Besides the mentioned regions, there is an additional Nb 3d region in the XPS spectra of the S2–S4 samples, which is assigned to the presence of Nb 2 O 5 throughout the surface of the composite films. The binding energy values of Ca 2p 3/2 , P 2p 3/2 , O 1s, and Nb 3d 5/2 peaks are 346.9, 132.5, 530.7, and 206.5 eV, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…48 Moreover, the binding energy value of O 1s matches the energy of hydroxyl ions existing in the HAp structure and oxide species. 47 The XPS high-resolution spectra of Ca 2p, P 2p O 1s, and Nb 3d regions in the S3 sample are exhibited in the ESI, † Fig. S2.…”
“…Hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites have potential for various biological applications. El-Naggar et al examined nanocomposites of these three components under the title nanoarchitectonics of hydroxyapatite/molybdenum trioxide/graphene oxide composite [230]. Electron microscopic analysis and the roughness characteristics observed suggest that utilizing the type and amount of additives to the hydroxyapatite component is a highly effective tactic to tailor a composite suitable for biomedical applications.…”
The characteristic feature of a biofunctional system is that components with various functions work together. These multi-components are not simply mixed together, but are rationally arranged. The fundamental technologies to do this in an artificial system include the synthetic chemistry of the substances that make the component unit, the science and techniques for assembling them, and the technology for analyzing their nanoostructures. A new concept, nanoarchitectonics, can play this role. Nanoarchitectonics is a post-nanotechnology concept that involves building functional materials that reflect the nanostructures. In particular, the approach of combining and building multiple types of components to create composite materials is an area where nanoarchitectonics can be a powerful tool. This review summarizes such examples and related composite studies. In particular, examples are presented in the areas of catalyst & photocatalyst, energy, sensing & environment, bio & medical, and various other functions and applications to illustrate the potential for a wide range of applications. In order to show the various stages of development, the examples are not only state-of-the-art, but also include those that are successful developments of existing research. Finally, a summary of the examples and a brief discussion of future challenges in nanoarchitectonics will be given. Nanoarchitectonics is applicable to all materials and aims to establish the ultimate methodology of materials science.
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