Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

Abstract

The strategic design of the cathode is a critical feature for high-performance and long-lasting reversibility of an energy storage system. In particular, the round-trip efficiency and cycling performance of nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries are governed by minimizing the discharge products, such as Li2O and Li2O2. Recently, a metal–organic framework has been directly pyrolyzed into a carbon frame with controllable pore volume and size. Furthermore, selective metallic catalysts can also be obtained by adjusting metal ions for outstanding electrochemical reactions. In this study, various bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived carbons were designed by varying the ratio of Zn to Co ions. Moreover, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added to improve the electrical conductivity further, ultimately leading to better electrochemical stability in the cathode. As a result, the optimized bimetallic ZIF–carbon/CNT composite exhibits a high discharge capacity of 16,000 mAh·g−1, with a stable cycling performance of up to 137 cycles. This feature is also beneficial for lowering the overpotential of the cathode during cycling, even at the high current density of 2,000 mA·g−1.

Metal‐organic framework derived porous structures towards lithium rechargeable batteries

“…Table 6 summarizes studies on applying MOF‐based materials as cathode materials for LABs 39,285,582–595 . Compared to the LIBs and LSBs described above, LAB research using MOFs is still in its infancy.…”

“…Table 6 summarizes studies on applying MOF-based materials as cathode materials for LABs. 39,285,[582][583][584][585][586][587][588][589][590][591][592][593][594][595] Compared to the LIBs and LSBs described above, LAB research using MOFs is still in its infancy. Although there is still a long way to go, we are confident that the porous structure and tunable chemical functions of MOFs can improve the capacity and cycle lifetime of LABs.…”

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

“…Therefore, when building materials from nanoscale units, these uncertainties are included to harmonize the various effects [55,56]. Recent publications advocating nanoarchitectonics show that it is widely applied in academic fields such as materials synthesis [57][58][59], structural control [60][61][62][63], physical phenomena [64][65][66], and basic biochemistry [67][68][69], as well as in applied fields such as catalysis [70][71][72], sensors [73][74][75], devices [76][77][78], energy [79][80][81], environment [82][83][84][85], and medicine [86][87][88][89]. Since all the materials are composed of atoms and molecules, nanoarchitectonics is considered a universal unified concept that can be applied to all targets.…”

Nanoarchitectonics for advanced applications in energy, environment and biology: Method for everything in materials science

“…By selecting only papers that include the word “nanoarchitectonics” in the title, one would appreciate that these manuscripts are not only coming from basic fields of research such as material fabrication [ 12 – 13 ], structural control [ 14 – 15 ], elucidation of physical phenomena [ 16 – 17 ], and basic bio-related sciences [ 18 – 19 ], but also from applied fields such as catalysis [ 20 – 21 ], sensors [ 22 – 23 ], devices [ 24 – 25 ], environmental research [ 26 – 27 ], energy [ 28 – 29 ], and biomedical [ 30 – 31 ] fields. In this thematic issue entitled “Nanoarchitectonics for advanced applications in energy, environment and biology”, the authors also discuss coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics [ 32 ], nanoarchitectonics for membranes with enhanced gas separation capabilities [ 33 ], nanoarchitectonics of the cathode of Li–O 2 batteries [ 34 ], nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation [ 35 ], nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems [ 36 ], nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells [ 37 ], among other papers in which the concept of nanoarchitectonics has been applied to a variety of targets.…”