Nanobiocatalysts for multi-enzymatic cascade reactions

Porous Inorganic Materials for Bioanalysis and Diagnostic Applications

“…MOSFs were encapsulated with boronate-functionalized gold nanoparticles and oxidases, working as an all-in-one platform to first convert the analytes into H 2 O 2 , then selectively to oxidize the boronate probe into its corresponding phenol form, and last to enhance the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal by creating “hot spots”. Besides single enzymes, a multistep cascade reaction is needed to achieve more complex biological monitoring tasks. , Porous structures can serve as a scaffold for the precise positional assembly of multiple enzymes by mimicking the compartmentalization in natural cells, including but not limited to phospholipid liposomes, polymersomes, porous metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and mesoporous silica. , A major challenge arose when coupling multiple enzymes in a cascade manner, considering the enzyme encapsulation capacity of the porous materials. For liposomes, the weak mechanical stability is a barrier to real-case application. ,, For polymersomes, the poor permeability of the membrane hinders efficient enzyme loading. , For porous metal oxides and carbon nanotubes, reliable sensing without loss of sensitivity and selectivity is hard to acquire .…”

“…Besides single enzymes, a multistep cascade reaction is needed to achieve more complex biological monitoring tasks. 93,94 Porous structures can serve as a scaffold for the precise positional assembly of multiple enzymes by mimicking the compartmentalization in natural cells, including but not limited to phospholipid liposomes, polymersomes, porous metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and mesoporous silica. 95,96 A major challenge arose when coupling multiple enzymes in a cascade manner, considering the enzyme encapsulation capacity of the porous materials.…”