Nanobiochar—a green catalyst for wastewater remediation

Definitive Review of Nanobiochar

“…The hydrophobic regions speed water removal required to drive the esterification equilibrium. 45,46 Catalysts derived from biochar and nanobiochar are green catalysts. They are biodegradable and derived from waste biomass.…”

“…Metal dispersion on nanobiochar can be performed through pretreatment of the biomass precursor or post-treatment after nanobiochar preparation. ,,,,, The pretreatment method involves immersing the biomass feedstock in a metal ion solution. Conversely, post-treating applies metal impregnation after nanobiochar preparation .…”

“…Nanobiochar development and use have generated extensive recent interest in the scientific community as an emerging material. A few review articles summarizing nanobiochar development have appeared. ,,,− Nevertheless, a systematic and well-researched review documenting all the dimensions of this topic is needed. Nanobiochar preparation techniques are less explored in the literature. ,,, This review covers the full scope of nanobiochar and engineered nanobiochar, while most available reviews only deal with nanobiochar.…”

Enhanced Adsorption Efficiency through Biochar Modification: A Comprehensive Review

“…The characteristics of biomass, such as its size, elemental composition, ash mineral content, and thermal conditions, including heating rate, temperature, residence time, and pressure play a crucial role in determining the desired product and its application . These factors have experimentally been proven to have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of biochar.…”

Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in the Upper Piedmont Area of Haridwar, India

“…Nevertheless, conserving groundwater aquifers is one of the most challenging tasks in preventing a drinking water crisis in the near future. − Most developed and developing countries are seriously affected by these problems and are working on restoring groundwater aquifers. − The depletion of groundwater quality via organic and inorganic pollutants will certainly have ill effects on humans, flora, and fauna. − Some recent studies reported various diseases, namely, hypertension, dental fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, seizures, epilepsy, neurological disorders, cardiovascular malfunction, kidney disorders, and carcinogenicity. − Therefore, collecting information related to water quality monitoring, the status of water resources, water types, and contributing factors that degrade quality is essential for management of groundwater aquifers. , Various techniques for assessing the status of water quality are available, including the water quality index (WQI), which can be used to determine water quality for both drinking and irrigation purposes. , For the evaluation of groundwater types, the responsible geogenic process that regulates the hydrochemistry can be determined by using the piper trilinear diagram method, Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, Durov plot, etc. , However, several statistical techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and discriminant analysis (DA), are utilized to assess the responsible factors or elements that degrade groundwater quality. − Here, some specific tools, namely CA, convert the huge set of data into groups or indices with similar characteristics, while PCA transforms the larger set of data into a simple data structure. , These techniques help in the assessment of water quality status for drinking and irrigation purposes. In most countries, many researchers used these techniques to evaluate the water quality status and obtained good results, which helps in maintaining and enhancing water quality. ,, Gitika et al and Sathe et al , evaluated the prevalence of arsenic, iron, and fluoride mobilization and the effect on groundwater quality near Brahmaputra floodplain in northeastern India using various techniques such as PCA, a Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, etc.…”