Nanobiotechnology: Applications of Nanomaterials in Biological Research

Majeed, Muhammad Irfan; Bhatti, Haq Nawaz; Nawaz, Haq; Kashif, Muhammad

doi:10.1002/9781119509868.ch17

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are one interesting doping material [7,8]. Due to the interesting biological properties of nanoscale structures, which have been used to create new nanodevices, they have received a lot of attention [9,10]. In consideration of their application in biomedical applications, research on polymer blends' physical properties has recently gotten much attention [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Bio-modulation of poly (vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by silver and gold nanoparticles via laser ablation for wound healing utilization

Farea

Menazea

2023

Preprint

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This study aims to bio-modulate Poly (vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by silver and gold nanoparticles fabricated via one-step laser ablation. The structural, optical, and antibacterial properties of the fabricated samples were investigated via different techniques. FTIR and XRD were used to investigate the molecular structures of the polymer matrix of Polyvinyl Alcohol incorporating gold and silver (Ag-Au NPs) created by laser ablation. XRD data illustrate the semicrystalline structure of PVA, with two hump peaks at 2θ = 8.52o and 2θ = 20.17o that are decreased when loaded with Ag-Au nanoparticles at different laser ablation times. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated a variation in the intensity of various peaks compared to the spectrum of the Polyvinyl Alcohol. This suggests that PVA and Ag-Au nanoparticles interacted and complexed in semicrystalline areas. The optical energy gap (Eg) reduces from 5.55 eV to 5.00 eV during the direct transition and from 4.79 eV to 3.10 eV during the indirect transition. The cell viability value for sample S2 was 91.7 ± 5.8%, indicating that both nanocomposites are biocompatible. The values of S2, indicate that both nanocomposites are biocompatible. S2 represents the high values of the inhibition zone, which make it preferred in antibacterial applications. The results demonstrate that Polyvinyl Alcohol/metal composite materials have excellent optical and electrical properties, implying that they may be employed in energy devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Bio-modulation of poly (vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by silver and gold nanoparticles via laser ablation for wound healing utilization

Farea

Menazea

2023

Preprint

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“…Surface modification of the biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by the biomolecules utilized in the synthesis process is another advantage of green techniques, acting as a capping and stabilizing agent of the nanomaterials, making them more appropriate and biocompatible in living systems [19]. The main advantages of green synthesis approaches utilizing plant extracts are feasibility, cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness, safety, biocompatibility, high productivity and the considerable variety of ZnO-NPs morphologies depending on the plant extract used, as well as the use of widely available plants for their synthesis [20]. The presence of high amounts of phytochemical compounds in plant extracts has been linked to their potential efficacy in the synthesis of ZnO NPs [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Potential Synergistic Activity with Common Antifungal Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Candidal Strains

et al. 2022

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The high incidence of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs represents a global concern, contributing to high levels of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Moreover, conventional antifungal medications have poor therapeutic outcomes, as well as possible toxicities resulting from long-term administration. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal effectiveness of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against multidrug-resistant candidal strains. Biogenic ZnO NPs were characterized using physicochemical methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X ray (EDX) spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. UV spectral analysis revealed the formation of two absorption peaks at 367 and 506 nm, which preliminarily indicated the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs, whereas TEM analysis showed that ZnO NPs exhibited an average particle size of 22.84 nm. The EDX spectrum confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles free of impurities. The FTIR spectrum of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed different absorption peaks at 3427.99, 1707.86, 1621.50, 1424.16, 1325.22, 1224.67, 1178.22, 1067.69, 861.22, 752.97 and 574.11 cm−1, corresponding to various functional groups. The average zeta potential value of the ZnO NPs was −7.45 mV. XRD analysis revealed the presence of six diffraction peaks at 2θ = 31.94, 34.66, 36.42, 56.42, 69.54 and 76.94°. The biogenic ZnO NPs (100µg/disk) exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis strains, with suppressive zone diameters of 24.18 ± 0.32, 20.17 ± 0.56 and 26.35 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs against C. tropicalis strain was found to be 10 μg/mL, whereas the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was found to be 20 μg/mL. Moreover, ZnO NPs revealed a potential synergistic efficiency with fluconazole, nystatin and clotrimazole antifungal drugs against C. albicans strain, whereas terbinafine, nystatin and itraconazole antifungal drugs showed a potential synergism with ZnO NPs against C. glabrata as a multidrug-resistant strain. In conclusion, pomegranate peel extract mediated green synthesis of ZnO NPs with potential physicochemical features and antimicrobial activity. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs could be utilized for formulation of novel drug combinations to boost the antifungal efficiency of commonly used antifungal agents.

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“…These products and services can be used within a wide range of fields-beyond medicine-by means of manipulating and harnessing near-atomic and micro processes for various purposes. In biotechnology, living organisms are modified at cellular and molecular levels through genetic engineering and other tools to yield particular products [154]. As an applied interdisciplinary area of science, modern biotechnology embraces, depending on the tools, techniques, and applications involved, molecular biology, cellular biology, microbiology, bioengineering, interactive biology, biochemistry, genetic engineering, modelling and control, and others.…”

Section: Nanobiotechnology Characteristics and Subfieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metaverse as a Virtual Model of Platform Urbanism: Its Converging AIoT, XReality, Neurotech, and Nanobiotech and Their Applications, Challenges, and Risks

Bibri

2023

Smart Cities

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With their exponentially rising computational power, digital platforms are heralding a new era of hybrid intelligence. There has recently been much enthusiasm and hype that the Metaverse has the potential to unlock hybrid intelligence. This is premised on the idea that the Metaverse represents an applied convergence of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and Extended Reality (XR) that intersects with urbanism in terms of the distinctive features of platform-mediated everyday life experiences in cities. However, social interaction and its resulting social organization in the Metaverse are mediated and governed by algorithms and thus submitted to—a dream of—complete logical ordering. This raises a plethora of concerns related to the systemic collection and algorithmic processing of users’ personal, brain, and biometric data, i.e., profound societal—and the hardest to predict ethical—implications. Therefore, this study analyzes and synthesizes a large body of scientific literature on the unfolding convergence of AIoT and XR technologies, neurotechnology, and nanobiotechnology in the realm of the Metaverse in order to derive a novel conceptual framework for the Metaverse as an envisioned virtual model of platform urbanism. Further, it examines the key challenges and risks of these converging technologies in relation to the Metaverse and beyond. This study employs thematic analysis and synthesis to cope with multidisciplinary literature. The analysis identifies seven themes: (1) Platformization, (2) platform urbanism, (3) virtual urbanism, (4) XR technologies, (5) AIoT technologies, (6) neurotechnology, and (7) nanobiotechnology. The synthesized evidence reveals that, while neurotechnology and nanobiotechnology have numerous benefits and promising prospects, they raise contentions and controversies stemming from their potential use to inflict harm to human users—if left unchecked—through the black box of the algorithmic mediation underpinning the Metaverse. The findings serve to steer the Metaverse to contribute to human flourishing and wellbeing by adhering to and upholding ethical principles as well as leveraging its underlying disruptive technologies in meaningful ways. They also aid scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in assessing the pros and cons of these technologies, especially their inevitable ramifications.

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Nanobiotechnology: Applications of Nanomaterials in Biological Research

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

WITHDRAWN: Bio-modulation of poly (vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by silver and gold nanoparticles via laser ablation for wound healing utilization

WITHDRAWN: Bio-modulation of poly (vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by silver and gold nanoparticles via laser ablation for wound healing utilization

Facile Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Potential Synergistic Activity with Common Antifungal Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Candidal Strains

The Metaverse as a Virtual Model of Platform Urbanism: Its Converging AIoT, XReality, Neurotech, and Nanobiotech and Their Applications, Challenges, and Risks

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