Nanobubble Water’s Promotion Effect of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Sprouts Supported by RNA-Seq Analysis

Abstract

The physiological promotion effect of nanobubble (NB) water on living organisms is still a poorly understood phenomenon which was discovered 1 decade ago. Here, we analyzed the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryo transcriptome following the exposure to NB water and low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HO) using RNA-Seq. We found that 349 genes were differentially expressed after 24 h exposure to NB water and 97 genes were differentially expressed after exposure to HO solution. Gene ontology enrichment and cluster analyses revealed that NB water induced expression of genes related to cell division and cell wall loosening. RNA-Seq, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme activity measurements all pointed to gene-encoding peroxidases as a major factor responsible for the effects of physiological enhancement due to NB water. The exogenous hydroxyl radical (•OH) produced by NB water significantly increased the expression of genes related to peroxidase and NADPH, thus leading to an increased endogenous superoxide anion (O) inside the barley seed. Appropriately, low concentrations of exogenously added reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous ROS played important roles in plant growth and development. When ROS levels were low, the endogenous ROS was eliminated by ascorbate peroxidase and other peroxidases instead of activating the catalase and superoxidase dismutase. This data set will serve as the foundation for a system biology approach to understand physiological promotion effects of NB water on living organisms.

Seed germination characteristics in different storage time of Gmelina arborea treated with ultrafine bubbles priming

“…Based on Figure 2.C., UFB priming treatment was significantly affected the growth rate of gmelina seeds, both on noninjection and injection UFB treatment. Similar to a study by Liu et al (2017), that the density of micro-nano bubbles affects the germination percentage at the end of the observation time and accelerates the germination of spinach and wheat seeds. The low density of micro-nano bubbles does not imply negative effects on the observed seeds but manages to increase its germination properties.…”

“…According to Liu et al (2014), water containing micro-nano bubbles can form Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or free radicals. ROS or free radicals have a crucial role in the germination process (Liu et al 2017). Essentially, free radicals can increase the physiological activity of living things, especially plants, but in high figures might cause damage to the plant (Liu et al 2014).…”

Gas nanobubble dispersions as the important agent in environmental processes – generation methods review

“…Similar data were acquired from investigating lettuce grow for hydroponic lettuce culture system and usage of microbubble-saturated water compared to macrobubble-saturated water (Park and Kurata, 2009). The reason of higher growth rate of plants was presented by Liu et al (2017) who performed RNAsequencing of barley seeds which had contact with nanodispersion of oxygen and showed that presence of nanobubbles induce the expression of genes responsible for cell divisions and elongation (Liu et al, 2017). Ahmed et al (2018) showed that the seeds of different plant species reacted differently to presence of nanobubbles and as such the effect on germination may be plant-specific (Ahmed et al, 2018a).…”

“…The reason of higher growth rate of plants was presented by Liu et al . (2017) who performed RNA‐sequencing of barley seeds which had contact with nanodispersion of oxygen and showed that presence of nanobubbles induce the expression of genes responsible for cell divisions and elongation (Liu et al ., 2017). Ahmed et al .…”

Environmental applications of nanobubble technology: Field testing at industrial scale

“…Furthermore, NBs have been found to promote growth of different species of plants and animals [ 18 ] by speeding up their metabolism. [ 19 ] These results have significant ramifications on productivity. Especially in aquaculture installations by providing more oxygen and at the same time promoting fish growth and reducing the required amounts of antibiotics.…”