Nanocarriers and nanoparticles for skin care and dermatological treatments

Abstract

Nanotechnology (nano: One billionth) is a novel arena with promising applications in the field of medicine, especially pharmaceuticals for safe and targeted drug delivery. The skin is a phenomenal tool for investigation of nanocarriers for drug delivery for topical and dermatological application. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, such as rigidity, hydrophobicity, size and charge are crucial to the skin permeation mechanism. Many nanocarriers such as polymeric, inorganic and lipid nanoparticles and nanoemulsions have been developed and some like carbon nanotubes and fullerenes still need further exploration for future use in skin care and dermatological treatments. Risks of nanopollution and cytotoxicity also need to be kept in mind while exploring various nanoparticles for medical use.

Perspectivas de futuro en láseres, nuevas tecnologías y nanotecnología en dermatología

“…En el trasfondo de estas ideas subyace la esperanza de crear una «medicina personalizada» capaz de ajustar un régimen terapéutico a cada paciente en cada momento evolutivo de su enfermedad. Desde sus inicios, la nanomedicina ha imaginado revolucionar la terapéutica mediante nanoestructuras, que actuarían como vehículos para transportar fármacos hasta sus dianas moleculares, aumentando su eficacia y disminuyendo la toxicidad de los mismos [86][87][88][89][90] .…”

Health and Wellness Tourism

“…These transparent and fragile droplets have a single layer of phospholipids surrounding an oily liquid core. Their smaller particle size provides higher stability and better suitability to carry active ingredients, mainly liposoluble agents, greatly increasing the product shelf life; they also have good sensorial properties (merging textures), specifi c biophysical properties (especially hydrating power) and penetrate and/or permeate the skin more deeply, probably due to their fl exibility and affi nity to stratum corneum (Greßler et al 2010 ;Gupta et al 2013 ;Patravale and Mandawgade 2008 ;Raj et al 2012 ).…”

“…They are structurally stable due to their rigid matrix and are able to maintain their structure for long periods of time when topically applied. Since they are mostly retained in the stratum corneum, they also improve the release of active principles through the skin (Gupta et al 2013 ). Nanocapsules differ from nanospheres because of the encapsulation mechanisms of the bioactive molecules in their matrix, which can be entrapped, dispersed, dissolved within or adsorbed.…”

Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy

“…Similar to fullerene, carbon nanotubes alone act as an antioxidant at 100 nm in size. 237,238 In addition to their uses in …”