Nanocarriers-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Agents: An Overview and Perspectives

Edis, Zehra; Wang, Junli; Waqas, Muhammad; Ijaz, Muhammad; Ijaz, Munazza

doi:10.2147/ijn.s289443

Cited by 220 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…53,54 Nanoparticles induce hydroxyl radical formation and are highly toxic to cancer cells. 55,56 The interaction of AgNPs with cells induces the hyperproduction of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and degenerative changes in the expression of some antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) genes and proteins present in the mitochondria. As a result, the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial protein Cyt C is released into the cytosol and induces apoptosis by activating the apoptotic proteins caspase-9 and caspase-3.…”

Section: Mtt Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies

Devanesan¹,

AlSalhi²

2021

IJN

113

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Background: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, an economically important malvaceous vegetable crop popularly known as okra, is used in various culinary preparations and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. The biological properties of okra flowers in relation to nanoparticle synthesis have not yet been reported. Materials and Methods: In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using extracts of the flowers of A. esculentus. The characteristics of the AgNPs were studied using a UV-vis spectrometer, Fourier transmission infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Antibacterial activity screening was performed using the agar well diffusion method, and cytotoxicity and cell viability studies were conducted using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and ranged in size from 5.52 to 31.96 nm, with an average size of 16.19 nm, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDX. A. esculentus flower extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AME-AgNPs) exhibited excellent activities in vitro studies, particularly in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative studies against cancer cell lines, such as the TERT-4 and A-549 cell lines. The antibacterial effects on the Gram-positive pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and the Gram-negative pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values varied with the bacterial strain. The IC 50 values of the synthesized NPs for the tested cell lines were close to that of a standard drug. Conclusion:Compared to other NPs the NPs synthesized in this study were smaller in size and exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis at minimal concentrations, and this is the first study on okra flower-induced anticancer and antimicrobial activities.

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Section: Mtt Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies

Devanesan¹,

AlSalhi²

2021

IJN

113

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“…To overcome the side effects induced by chemotherapies, to improve the solubility, bioavailability and uptake of drugs, to facilitate the barrier transfer, among others, great progress is being made in the research of drug carriers. In this context nanocarriers have gained much attention in the last decades since they can circumvent some problems encountered by conventional drug delivery systems associated to non-specificity, burst release or damage of normal cells [ 172 ]. They should improve the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug while providing preferential accumulation in the targeted tissue so as to decrease the side effects.…”

Section: Biological Evaluation and Applications In The Biomedical Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since one can modulate their physicochemical properties and thus their behavior, the main parameters to consider in designing nanocarriers are their composition (either organic, inorganic, or hybrid), their size and surface charge density, their geometric shape and curvature, and their ability to be stimuli responsive (pH, temperature, enzyme, light, etc.) so as to release the drug in a precise environment or conditions [ 172 , 173 ].…”

Section: Biological Evaluation and Applications In The Biomedical Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Peptide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2021

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There is a challenging need for the development of new alternative nanostructures that can allow the coupling and/or encapsulation of therapeutic/diagnostic molecules while reducing their toxicity and improving their circulation and in-vivo targeting. Among the new materials using natural building blocks, peptides have attracted significant interest because of their simple structure, relative chemical and physical stability, diversity of sequences and forms, their easy functionalization with (bio)molecules and the possibility of synthesizing them in large quantities. A number of them have the ability to self-assemble into nanotubes, -spheres, -vesicles or -rods under mild conditions, which opens up new applications in biology and nanomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as their surface chemical reactivity via amino- and carboxyl groups. In order to obtain nanostructures suitable for biomedical applications, the structure, size, shape and surface chemistry of these nanoplatforms must be optimized. These properties depend directly on the nature and sequence of the amino acids that constitute them. It is therefore essential to control the order in which the amino acids are introduced during the synthesis of short peptide chains and to evaluate their in-vitro and in-vivo physico-chemical properties before testing them for biomedical applications. This review therefore focuses on the synthesis, functionalization and characterization of peptide sequences that can self-assemble to form nanostructures. The synthesis in batch or with new continuous flow and microflow techniques will be described and compared in terms of amino acids sequence, purification processes, functionalization or encapsulation of targeting ligands, imaging probes as well as therapeutic molecules. Their chemical and biological characterization will be presented to evaluate their purity, toxicity, biocompatibility and biodistribution, and some therapeutic properties in vitro and in vivo. Finally, their main applications in the biomedical field will be presented so as to highlight their importance and advantages over classical nanostructures.

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“…Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world 1 and several therapeutic approaches have been developed to obviate the cancer cells from a body, including the use of surgical, radiation therapy and chemotherapy methods 2 , 3 . Despite the widespread application of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, the drawbacks of using anticancer drugs including their toxic side effects on fast-growing healthy cells, and multi-drug resistance are believed to limit the application of chemotherapy in cancer treatment 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of an anticancer drug Isatin inside a host nano-vehicle SWCNT: a molecular dynamics simulation

Dehaghani

Yousefi

Seidi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The use of carbon nanotubes as anticancer drug delivery cargo systems is a promising modality as they are able to perforate cellular membranes and transport the carried therapeutic molecules into the cellular components. Our work describes the encapsulation process of a common anticancer drug, Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) as a guest molecule, in a capped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) host with chirality of (10,10). The encapsulation process was modelled, considering an aqueous solution, by a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation under a canonical NVT ensemble. The interactions between the atoms of Isatin were obtained from the DREIDING force filed. The storage capacity of the capped SWCNT host was evaluated to quantify its capacity to host multiple Isatin molecules. Our results show that the Isatin can be readily trapped inside the volume cavity of the capped SWCNT and it remained stable, as featured by a reduction in the van der Waals forces between Isatin guest and the SWCNT host (at approximately − 30 kcal mol−1) at the end of the MD simulation (15 ns). Moreover, the free energy of encapsulation was found to be − 34 kcal mol−1 suggesting that the Isatin insertion procedure into the SWCNT occurred spontaneously. As calculated, a capped SWCNT (10,10) with a length of 30 Å, was able to host eleven (11) molecules of Isatin, that all remained steadily encapsulated inside the SWCNT volume cavity, showing a potential for the use of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery cargo systems.

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Nanocarriers-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Agents: An Overview and Perspectives

Cited by 220 publications

References 156 publications

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Peptide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications

Encapsulation of an anticancer drug Isatin inside a host nano-vehicle SWCNT: a molecular dynamics simulation

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