Nanocellulose‐Based Antibacterial Materials

Abstract

In recent years, nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique and potentially useful features. In this review, several representative types of nanocellulose and modification methods for antimicrobial applications are mainly focused on. Recent literature related with the preparation and applications of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials is reviewed. The fabrication of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials for wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials is the focus of the research. The most important additives employed in the preparation of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are presented, such as antibiotics, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as chitosan. These nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials can benefit many applications including wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials. Finally, the challenges of industrial production and potentials for development of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are discussed.

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

“…In addition to the plethora of applications outlined above, extensive research activities continue to be conducted worldwide to conquer new domains and develop new sectors of uses of Nanocellulose. NC materials have garnered much spotlight for application in the field of water treatment (Jamshaid et al, 2017;Mohamed et al, 2017b;Putro et al, 2017), dye removal (Karim et al, 2014;Mohammed et al, 2015), air purification (Gebald et al, 2011;Nemoto et al, 2015), and microbe and viruses decontamination (Wang et al, 2013;Rosilo et al, 2014;Li et al, 2018). In general, the mechanism for adsorption and separation is classified in four categories which are physical, chemical, biological, and acoustical, radiation and electrical processes (Mohamed et al, 2017b).…”

“…The opportunity of producing nanocellulose with various features is considered fairly an exciting topic, which can promote the exploration of unexplored biomass. The benefits of the 3-D hierarchical nanostructure of nanocellulose and its physicochemical characteristics at nano scale open new prospects in several applications (Li et al, 2018;Vilarinho et al, 2018;Pires et al, 2019;Köse et al, 2020). According to Markets and Markets, the nanocellulose market is forecasted to achieve USD 783 Million by 2025.…”

Nanocellulose Hybrids with Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…Nanocellulose-based materials cover a huge range of applications, from biosensors, energy storage devices and flexible electronics to enzyme immobilization, wound healing, biodegradable packaging, CO 2 absorbent materials, water purification and oil recovery [ 2 , 8 ]. However, the design of new nanocellulose-based materials for the biomedical field experienced the biggest expansion [ 9 ].…”

“…A strategy for improving dispersion involves the use of nanocellulose as a supporting material for the fabrication of metal oxides NPs. Nanocellulose/metal oxides hybrids showing antibacterial, magnetic, sensing properties or improved absorption are required in packaging, wound healing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, bio-separation or water cleaning [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Metal oxides are preferred in nanocellulose-based antibacterial formulations due to their prolonged release and lack of microbial resistance, which is frequently observed in the case of antibiotics [ 13 ].…”

“…Several reviews on nanocellulose hybrids designed mostly for packaging applications have been already published [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, no detailed review on nanocellulose/metal oxides intended for biomedical applications was reported so far.…”