Nanocellulose in sensors

Misenan, Muhammad Syukri Mohamad; Akhlisah, Z.N.; Shaffie, Ahmad Hakimi; Saad, Muhammad Ashraf Mohd; Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89909-3.00005-5

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In the cellulose nitration process, the hydrogen atom of the (–H–OH) hydroxyl is replaced by the (–NO 2 ) nitro group when cellulose is nitrated by nitrating mixtures. It is possible to synthesize CNs with a wide range of functional properties by varying the nitrating mixture composition and nitration process parameters [ 1 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The list of non-woody cellulose sources of vegetal origin continues to expand actively. The studies conducted in some countries have demonstrated the possibility of synthesizing CNs with satisfactory properties from cellulose isolated from Alfa grass [ 17 ], Rhizophora, kenaf, palm oil bunches (EFB) [ 16 , 18 ], giant reed [ 9 , 19 ], tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) stalks [ 20 ], giant panda feces [ 21 ], Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae [ 22 ], hemp [ 23 ], intermediate flax straw [ 24 ], oat hulls [ 25 ], and Miscanthus sinensis (Andersson) var. Soranovskii [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

Kashcheyeva,

Korchagina,

Gismatulina

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This study is focused on exploring the feasibility of simultaneously producing the two products, cellulose nitrates (CNs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), from Miscanthus × giganteus. The starting cellulose for them was isolated by successive treatments of the feedstock with HNO3 and NaOH solutions. The cellulose was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 2, 8, and 24 h. The cellulose samples after the hydrolysis were distinct in structure from the starting sample (degree of polymerization (DP) 1770, degree of crystallinity (DC) 64%) and between each other (DP 1510–1760, DC 72–75%). The nitration showed that these samples and the starting cellulose could successfully be nitrated to furnish acetone-soluble CNs. Extending the hydrolysis time from 2 h to 24 h led to an enhanced yield of CNs from 116 to 131%, with the nitrogen content and the viscosity of the CN samples increasing from 11.35 to 11.83% and from 94 to 119 mPa·s, respectively. The SEM analysis demonstrated that CNs retained the fiber shape. The IR spectroscopy confirmed that the synthesized material was specifically CNs, as evidenced by the characteristic frequencies of 1657–1659, 1277, 832–833, 747, and 688–690 cm−1. Nutrient media derived from the hydrolyzates obtained in 8 h and 24 h were of good quality for the synthesis of BC, with yields of 11.1% and 9.6%, respectively. The BC samples had a reticulate structure made of interlaced microfibrils with 65 and 81 nm widths and DPs of 2100 and 2300, respectively. It is for the first time that such an approach for the simultaneous production of CNs and BC has been employed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

Kashcheyeva,

Korchagina,

Gismatulina

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Nanocellulose's strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and high surface energy caused it to aggregate in a variety of environments, according to research. Therefore, nanocellulose's surface characteristics and interfacial compatibility are critical to its functionalization and practical application [61,[128][129][130]. There are several reviews on the surface modification of nanocellulose to improve interfacial compatibility that have been published so far [131,132].…”

Section: Modification Of Properties Processability and Functionalizat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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Nanocellulose has emerged in recent years as one of the most notable green materials available due to its numerous appealing factors, including its non-toxic nature, biodegradability, high aspect ratio, superior mechanical capabilities, remarkable optical properties, anisotropic shape, high mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and tailorable surface chemistry. It is proving to be a promising material in a range of applications pertinent to the material engineering to biomedical applications. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations. This review presents an overview of general concepts in nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for sustainable applications. Beginning with a brief introduction of cellulose, nanocellulose sources, structural characteristics and the extraction process for those new to the area, we go on to more in-depth content. Following that, the research on techniques used to modify the surface properties of nanocellulose by functionalizing surface hydroxyl groups to impart desirable hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, as well as their characteristics and functionalization strategies, were explained. The usage of nanocellulose in nanocomposites in versatile fields, as well as novel and foreseen markets of nanocellulose products, are also discussed. Finally, the difficulties, challenges and prospects of materials based on nanocellulose are then discussed in the last section for readers searching for future high-end eco-friendly functional materials.

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“…Additionally, functionalization using other molecules onto nanocellulose surfaces has been extensively described [ 72 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 81 ]. Another very relevant example of surface modification involves polymer-grafting methods onto the nanocellulose.…”

Section: Nanocellulose’s Unique Characteristics As a Chemical Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there have been reports regarding nanocellulose as the sensor material including gas sensor, chemical sensors, biosensor, heavy metal ion sensing, temperature sensor and strain sensor [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Since the nanocellulose has a large surface area [ 53 ] and is rich with the hydroxyl group [ 54 ], it can be functionalized with other chemicals depending on the targeted analytes.…”

Section: An Introduction To Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frontiers of Functionalized Nanocellulose-Based Composites and Their Application as Chemical Sensors

et al. 2022

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Chemical sensors are a rapidly developing technology that has received much attention in diverse industries such as military, medicine, environmental surveillance, automotive power and mobility, food manufacturing, infrastructure construction, product packaging and many more. The mass production of low-cost devices and components for use as chemical sensors is a major driving force for improvements in each of these industries. Recently, studies have found that using renewable and eco-friendly materials would be advantageous for both manufacturers and consumers. Thus, nanotechnology has led to the investigation of nanocellulose, an emerging and desirable bio-material for use as a chemical sensor. The inherent properties of nanocellulose, its high tensile strength, large specific surface area and good porous structure have many advantages in its use as a composite material for chemical sensors, intended to decrease response time by minimizing barriers to mass transport between an analyte and the immobilized indicator in the sensor. Besides which, the piezoelectric effect from aligned fibers in nanocellulose composites is beneficial for application in chemical sensors. Therefore, this review presents a discussion on recent progress and achievements made in the area of nanocellulose composites for chemical sensing applications. Important aspects regarding the preparation of nanocellulose composites using different functionalization with other compounds are also critically discussed in this review.

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Nanocellulose in sensors

Cited by 11 publications

References 103 publications

Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

Nanocellulose-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications: A Review

The Frontiers of Functionalized Nanocellulose-Based Composites and Their Application as Chemical Sensors

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