Nanocomposites based on natural rubber, organoclay and nano-calcium carbonate: Study on the structure, cure behavior, static and dynamic-mechanical properties

Ghari, Hedayatollah Sadeghi; Jalali‐Arani, Azam

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.11.001

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…18,19 However, due to unstable oil prices, it was recently used both as a filler in mineral-based elastomer materials and as a filler in non-recyclable materials. [20][21][22] Thus, oak wood ash, one of the most important materials among the materials that have not been recycled contains 31.35 % calcium (Ca), 10.25 % potassium (K 2 O), 7.57 % magnesium (Mg), 1.21 % sulfur (S) and a small ratio of zinc (Zn). It is also a known fact that these materials are used as fillers and additives in the polymer sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wood ash on the mechanical properties of rubber compounds

Bülbül¹,

Akçakale²,

Yaşar³

et al. 2019

Mater. Tehnol.

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In this study, the effect of adding wood ash (oak tree) on the mechanical properties (tensile, abrasion, tearing, elongation %, etc.) of NR/SBR-type elastomer materials was investigated. Five different compounds were prepared by adding 16 %, 32 %, 48 % and 64 % wood ash to the filler and additive materials in the general composition (G). The mechanical test results and production costs of the new compounds composed were compared between themselves and with the G compound. The fracture surfaces of the compounds as well as the shape and morphological distribution of the fillers in the rubber matrix were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As a result of the experimental studies, it was found that the new compounds composed had an increased tensile and tearing strength, abrasion amounts, bending capability, unit elongation amounts and densities in comparison to the G compound. A decrease was observed in the hardness values and material costs (production cost) of the compounds. Keywords: compounds, mechanical properties, wood ash Avtorji opisujejo raziskavo vpliva dodatka lesnega pepela (hrasta) na mehanske lastnosti (natezne lastnosti, abrazija, trganje, raztezek v %, itd.) elastomerov tipa NR/SBR. Pripravili so pet razli~nih vrst zmesi z dodatkom (16, 32, 48 in 64) w/% lesnega pepela, ki so ga uporabili kot polnilni in dodajni material k osnovni sestavi (G; angl.: General). Rezultate mehanskih preizkusov in stro{ke izdelave novih zmesi so primerjali med seboj in z zmesjo osnovne sestave G. Prelomne povr{ine zmesi, kakor tudi morfolo{ko porazdelitev polnila v matrici iz gume so opazovali in analizirali s pomo~jo vrsti~nega elektronskega mikroskopa (SEM). Na osnovi analize eksperimentalnih rezultatov avtorji ugotavljajo, da imajo izdelane nove zmesi povi{ano natezno in stri`no trdnost, ve~jo odpornost proti abraziji in sposobnost upogibanja ter enovit raztezek v primerjavi z gumo osnovne sestave G. Ugotavljajo tudi, da se je zmanj{ala trdota zmesi ter da so se zni`ali stro{ki njihove izdelave. Klju~ne besede: gumijaste zmesi, mehanske lastnosti, lesni pepel

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wood ash on the mechanical properties of rubber compounds

Bülbül¹,

Akçakale²,

Yaşar³

et al. 2019

Mater. Tehnol.

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“…Therefore, Mt is often organically modified by ion exchange of interlayer cations with alkylammonium cations to render the silicate sheets more organic and compatible with the rubber matrix. This enhances the mechanical properties of a composite . To achieve proper dispersion of Mt within a rubber matrix, the use of silane coupling agents, such as 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, for organoclay surface modification is recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enhances the mechanical properties of a composite. 15 -17 To achieve proper dispersion of Mt within a rubber matrix, the use of silane coupling agents, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, for organoclay surface modification is recommended. This is expected not only to give better dispersion, but also to encourage physical and chemical interaction, particularly in the presence of ENR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐step latex compounding method for producing composites of natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/aminosilane‐functionalized montmorillonite: enhancement of tensile strength and oil resistance

Samart

Yoosuk

et al. 2017

Polymer International

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Montmorillonite (Mt) was intercalated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and functionalized with three types of aminosilane (3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, n‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3‐[2‐(2‐aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane). The modified Mt was compounded with natural rubber (NR)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) via one‐step latex compounding. The effect of the modified Mt content on the oil resistance and mechanical properties of the NR/ENR/modified Mt composites was investigated. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the composites showed partial intercalation/exfoliation of the modified Mt in the rubber matrix. Cryogenic fracture and X‐ray fluorescence results revealed highly dispersed modified Mt in the composites in the presence of 10 phr ENR. All three aminosilane groups slightly improved the oil resistance, with the long‐alkyl‐length group producing the greatest improvement. The addition of a small amount of modified Mt improved both oil resistance and tensile strength by increasing in the average diffusion path length in the NR matrix and enhancing the interaction between the modified Mt and the epoxide groups in ENR. The addition of 1.0 phr of modified Mt increased the tensile strength by 18% and decreased the elongation at break by 12% compared with a neat NR/ENR blend. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…During the last decade, since Arroyo et al . showed that organically modified clay causes an increment of more than 350% in the strength compared to unfilled NR (and > 300% compared to the same amount of CB), organoclays have been studied as a substitute for CB . A significant reduction in weight, preserved elasticity, and an enhancement in the strain‐induced crystallization (SIC) are additional advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of vacuoles in natural rubber–Cloisite 15A nanocomposites

Didović

Klepac

Meera

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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We studied natural rubber (NR) filled with frequently used organoclay Cloisite 15A using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryoporosimetry, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the TEM micrographs showed a high level of dispersion without the formation of a rigid filler network. The presence of vacuoles was established on the surface of Cloisite 15A; this indicated weak filler–matrix interactions. The mechanism of reinforcement is, therefore, discussed. The volume of vacuoles was found to be proportional to the crosslinking density; this was confirmed with ESR spin‐probe method. The shape of the ESR spectra was highly influenced by the presence of vacuoles. In the NR–Cloisite 10A nanocomposites, vacuoles were absent. The strong interactions implied by this result were confirmed by ESR measurements and are discussed further. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44776.

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Nanocomposites based on natural rubber, organoclay and nano-calcium carbonate: Study on the structure, cure behavior, static and dynamic-mechanical properties

Cited by 61 publications

References 63 publications

The effect of wood ash on the mechanical properties of rubber compounds

The effect of wood ash on the mechanical properties of rubber compounds

One‐step latex compounding method for producing composites of natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/aminosilane‐functionalized montmorillonite: enhancement of tensile strength and oil resistance

Presence of vacuoles in natural rubber–Cloisite 15A nanocomposites

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