Nanocracks in nature and industry

Kendall, Kevin

doi:10.1098/rsta.2021.0350

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…The difficulty is that steel ships crack well away from the Griffith theory of equilibrium, and so could never fit the original Griffith mathematics. Contrasting with this lack of agreement between tensile crack results and Griffith equilibrium theory, some peel cracks using adhering soft solids like rubber have been shown to attain true thermodynamic equilibrium and have proved that crack healing can occur and that the measured values of surface energy can match the theoretical energy balance predictions, giving us confidence that peeling can be a truly reversible thermodynamic process [12][13][14]. Of course, peeling resistance in engineering applications often needs to be increased, for example in durable automotive products, well above the low peel toughness values around 0.1Jm -2 near equilibrium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peeling Reveals Problems of Strength Standards for Brittle Materials

Kendall¹

2023

J Eng App Sci Technol

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Peeling creates a ubiquitous crack used regularly to open plastic packaging. Such peel cracks have been utilised for centuries, especially in separating cellulose fibres, yet these peeling cracks are not usually mentioned in fracture texts [1,2]. In this paper, theories and experiments show that peel cracks have unique properties quite different from the tensile-test cracks generally used to define and standardize strength of materials. Peeling is the easiest fracture test at the lowest force with the simplest theory describing constant speed cracks that are readily observed. It differs markedly from the catastrophic tensile cracks seen in many brittle materials such as concrete and glass, that accelerate rapidly at high force. The problem is that strength in peeling is not consistent with strength in tension. There is a large size effect in peeling where strength drops for larger sample size. Therefore, standards need to be modified. This paper describes peeling observations in several crack test geometries, fitting the energy theory of thermodynamic crack equilibrium, contrary to the stress/strength criteria that dominate existing brittle-material standards, which need correction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peeling Reveals Problems of Strength Standards for Brittle Materials

Kendall¹

2023

J Eng App Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nanocracks in nature and industry

Cited by 1 publication

References 29 publications

Peeling Reveals Problems of Strength Standards for Brittle Materials

Peeling Reveals Problems of Strength Standards for Brittle Materials

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