Nanocrystalline Hierarchical ZSM-5: An Efficient Catalyst for the Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexene

Radhika, N. P; Selvin, Rosilda; Kakkar, Rita; Roselin, L. Selva

doi:10.1166/jnn.2018.15390

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…PDADMAC was also used in combination with other silica sources like CAB-O-SIL EH-5 and mesoporous silica Si514 for the synthesis of hierarchical beta zeolite. [52][53][54]…”

Section: Cationic Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

P¹,

Kumari²

2022

Eng. Sci.

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The never ending demands of various industries for improvised and more efficient zeolites have led to an enormous amount of research in the development of hierarchical zeolites. By the introduction of a hierarchy of pore sizes into the zeolitic structures, the accessibility to the interior catalytic surface has been enhanced many times leading to improved catalytic activity. The secondary pores consist of meso-and macropores which serves as an additional space for active surface and for functionalization of the surface. The most attractive feature of hierarchical zeolite is their ability for catalysing reactions involving bulky molecules without being concerned about frequent regeneration and replacement of catalysts. A wide variety of novel strategies have been developed for synthesis of hierarchical zeolites. In this review, the different synthetic methods have been categorized as destructive and constructive methods. Destructive method comprises of demetallation and irradiation, whereas the constructive method comprises of dual templating techniques, zeolitization of materials, nano particle assembly, template assisted synthesis and zeolite seeds. This review also sheds light over the large variety of industrial applications of hierarchical zeolites.

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“…PDADMAC was also used in combination with other silica sources like CAB-O-SIL EH-5 and mesoporous silica Si514 for the synthesis of hierarchical beta zeolite. [52][53][54]…”

Section: Cationic Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

P¹,

Kumari²

2022

Eng. Sci.

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“…After rectification of the alkylate at low pressure (10 mm Hg), the target products were obtained with a purity of 97.6-98.2% and their physico-chemical properties were determined. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. В последнее время их широко применяют как лиганды к каталитическим прекурсорам для процесса олигомеризации этилена, а также в виде лекарственных препаратов против вредителей и болезней растений в сельском хозяйстве [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: The Yield Of the Target Product The Reaction Temperature Was Varied From 80 To 140 °C The Reaction Time -From 2 To 8 H Molar Ratunclassified

Synthesis and Properties of 2-Hydroxy-5[1(3)-Methylcycloalkyl]-Benzylaminoethylnonylimidazolines

Rasulov¹,

Aghamaliyev²,

Nagiyeva³

et al. 2021

IVKKT

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The paper deals with the results of cycloalkylation of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentene, 1(3)-methylcyclohexene in the presence of KU-23 catalyst and influence of various parameters on the yield of the target product. The reaction temperature was varied from 80 to 140 °C, the reaction time - from 2 to 8 h, molar ratio of phenol to cyclene – from 1:2 to 2:1 mol/mol, the catalyst amount – from 5 to 15%. Maximum yield of para-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl] phenols is obtained under the following conditions: temperature – 110-120 °C, duration – 5-6 h, molar ratio of phenol to 1(3)-methylcycloalkene – 1:1 mol/mol and the catalyst amount is 10% based on taken phenol. Simultaneously, the yield of the target products – para-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl] phenols is 68.6-73.5% per taken phenol, the selectivity is 91.8-94.3% on the target product. As a result of the chromatographic studies of the products of phenol cycloalkylation with 1(3)-methylcycloalkenes in the presence of KU-23 catalyst it becames clear that the alkylate mainly contains paracycloalkyl-substituted phenols (89.6-94.1%). After rectification of the alkylate at low pressure (10 mm Hg), the target products were obtained with a purity of 97.6-98.2% and their physico-chemical properties were determined. The resulting para-[1(3)-methylcycloalkyl] phenols were aminomethylated by formaldehyde and aminoethylnonylimidazoline at the ratio of 1:2:2. As a result, Mannich bases were obtained with yield of 68.3-76.7% from theory. The synthesized methylcycloalkylbenzylaminoethylnonylimidazolines were tested as antioxidants of M-8 engine oil. The oxidation resistance of the oil has been investigated without the addition and with the addition of ИХП-21 antioxidants, known benzylphenylamines and the compounds of the invention. Addition of the obtained compounds to the base oil leads to enhancement of its antioxidant properties, at application of which viscosity increase is 14.07-15.28%, and precipitate - 0.45-0.57%.

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“…Additionally, the conventional process for producing tert ‐butylated cresols presents two drawbacks: the use of liquid acids and the reliance on a source of isobutylene. Leveraging solid acid catalysts offers a strategic advantage for Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reactions 9–15 . Heterogeneous solid acids comprising diverse materials have been reported in the recent past for the production of tert‐ butylate m‐cresol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leveraging solid acid catalysts offers a strategic advantage for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Heterogeneous solid acids comprising diverse materials have been reported in the recent past for the production of tert-butylate m-cresol. Materials based on sulphated zirconia, 16 Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves, 17 Supported 12-tungstophosphoricacid and 12-tungstosilicicacid, 18 Perlite Supported Sulfated Zirconia, 19 12-tungstophosphoricacid and 12-tungstosilicicacid supported onto neutral alumina 20 are reported in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM‐5 using polymer macro template for selective C‐alkylation of m‐cresol with tert‐butanol

Hsu,

Roselin,

Savidha

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The present study reports nanocrystalline hierarchical zeoite ZSM‐5 as a potential alternative to homogeneous catalysts for the liquid phase tert‐butylation of m‐cresol. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride macro‐template was used to develop vacuum‐concentration dual template nano‐precursors by hydrothermal process. The catalytic performance was analyzed for the given reaction and the high percent conversion of reactants with excellent selectivity towards the ortho isomer, 2‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylphenol was recorded. In contrast, the low activity and selectivity towards the tert‐butylation of m‐cresol, and the selectivity towards the desired product are noticed with the nanocrystalline zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized without macro‐template. In addition, the catalyst is recoverable due to its robust nature, which indirectly reduces industrial wastage. Various parameters that affect the rate of the reaction were optimized. Kinetic analysis studies showed that the reaction followed first‐order kinetics with respect to tert‐ and the reaction obeyed the Langmuir‐Hinselwood mechanism. The activation energy was determined as 43.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mole. The study reveals that nanocrystalline hierarchical zeolite ZSM‐5 is an efficient, selective, simple, economical and environment‐friendly catalyst for the tert‐butylation of m‐cresol.

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Nanocrystalline Hierarchical ZSM-5: An Efficient Catalyst for the Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexene

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

Synthesis and Properties of 2-Hydroxy-5[1(3)-Methylcycloalkyl]-Benzylaminoethylnonylimidazolines

Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM‐5 using polymer macro template for selective C‐alkylation of m‐cresol with tert‐butanol

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