Nanocrystalline TiO2 by three different synthetic approaches: A comparison

Abstract

A comparison of the efficiency of three different synthetic routes viz. sol-gel method involving templating, mechanochemical synthesis and combustion synthesis for the production of nanostructured TiO 2 , is reported. In the sol-gel method, nanocrystalline TiO 2 is produced when titanium tetraisopropoxide is templated onto dodecylamine which forms the liquid crystalline hexagonal structure and the template is then extracted using 1 : 1 solution of ethanol-hydrochloric acid mixture. Mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO 2 involved mechanical milling of stoichiometric amounts of titanium and cupric oxide in a planetary ball mill using stainless steel vial with wear resistant stainless steel balls. Nanocrystalline TiO 2 is produced by the combustion reaction involving titanyl nitrate and fuels like glycine and citric acid. Nanostructured TiO 2 with an average particle size of ~14 nm is produced by the sol-gel method whereas the mechanochemical reaction between titanium and cupric oxide resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline TiO 2 with an average particle size of ~20 nm after 12 h of milling. On the other hand, combustion synthesis resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline TiO 2 with an average particle size of less than ~50 nm. The microstructures of nanocrystalline TiO 2 produced by the above three methods are analysed.

Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Porous TiO2 Hollow Spheres and Their Photocatalytic and Optical Properties

“…In the high-magnification image of C-TiO 2 ( Figure 6 D), the lattice fringes are clearly observable (see the arrows in Figure 6 D), confirming their crystallinity, and the same lattice space with a value of about 3.5 Å was calculated for several randomly selected nanocrystals in the shell, which corresponds to the (101) plane of the body centered tetragonal phase of TiO 2 [ 27 ]. As is shown in Figure 6 D, some stacking faults are present for the TiO 2 nanocrystals, which have also been observed previously in TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by other methods [ 28 ].…”

Mechanistic Insight into Size-Dependent Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Industrial Antibacterial Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Colon Cells Because of Reactive Oxygen Species Quenching and Neutral Lipid Alteration

“… 35 , 38 The high energy produced by the mechanical force grinds the bulk particles, gradually reducing the size to nano level with an increase in the milling time. 39 Change in the physiochemical properties can be easily visualized and confirmed by different characterization techniques. In this study, synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles was done on the lab scale by using high-energy milling for different hours (5, 10, and 15 h).…”

Ultraviolet resistant/antiwrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics by sol‐gel method

“…(1) Under the condition of agitation, TOBT was dripped into the mixed solution of CA and 2/3 part of ethanol, after a certain period of time, transparent, yellowish solution, namely A, would appear; (2) Certain amount of deionized water, hydrochloric acid, 1/3 part of ethanol were mixed, resulting solution B; (3) Solution B was dripped slowly into solution A with intensive agitation, continued agitating after the conclusion of dripping for some times, then transparent sols could be achieved 19…”