Nanodetection of Head and Neck Cancer on Titanium Oxide Sensing Surface

Abstract

Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease, originating in the squamous cells lining the larynx (voice box), mouth, pharynx (throat), nasal cavity and salivary glands. Head and neck cancer diagnosis at the later stage is greatly influencing the survival rate of the patient. It makes a mandatory situation to identify this cancer at the earlier stages of development with a suitable biomarker. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is a circulating serum tumour biomarker, and the elevated level has been found in the head and neck cancer patients and highly correlated with the tumour volume. The present research was carried out to detect and quantify the level of SCC-Ag on titanium oxide (TiO 2 )-modified interdigitated electrode sensor (IDE) by SCC-Ag antibody. The detection of SCC-Ag was found at the level of 100 fM, while it was improved to 10 fM when the antibody was conjugated with gold nanostar, representing a 10-fold improvement. Interestingly, this enhancement in sensitivity is 1000-folds higher than other substrates. Moreover, the specificity analysis was carried out using two different control proteins and noticed that the antibody only recognised SCC-Ag, indicating the specific detection on IDE-TiO 2 sensing surface.

Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Surfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing

“…Wang et al developed an SCC-Ag antigen biosensor consisting of a TiO 2 coated interdigitated electrode, modified into amine by APTES to immobilize SCC-Ag antibodies attached to gold nanostars [74]. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is a circulating serum tumor biomarker, and high levels of this in patients have been associated with the presence of head and neck cancer.…”

Aptamer–17β‐estradiol–antibody sandwich ELISA for determination of gynecological endocrine function

“…Thus, the solution appears red if GNPs are separated by sufficient space; however, the solution becomes purple in the presence of divalent/monovalent ions [34]. Single‐stranded RNA or DNA can attach to the GNP surface via coordination between the nitrogen atoms in DNA and GNPs, and conjugates of aptamers and GNPs are stable under high salt concentrations [35,36]. The NaCl concentration was first optimized to induce GNP aggregation.…”

DNA–RNA complementation on silicon wafer for thyroid cancer determination

“…IDE is an established transducing system, widely used in various applications, especially in the field of biosensor to diagnose the range of diseases by its easier fabrication process, inexpensiveness, and higher sensitivity [22,23]. These bring out the inherent advantages with the additional advantages such as portability, real-time output, and high performance [24][25][26][27]. In general, IDE sensor has involved a selective recognition of biological elements; it converted into an electric signal with the help of transducer.…”