Nanodiamond-Based Thermal Fluids

Abstract

Dispersions of nanodiamond (average size ∼6 nm) within dielectric insulator mineral oil are reported for their enhanced thermal conductivity properties and potential applications in thermal management. Dynamic and kinematic viscosities-very important parameters in thermal management by nanofluids-are investigated. The dependence of the dynamic viscosity is well-described by the theoretical predictions of Einstein's model. The temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity obeys an Arrhenius-like behavior, where the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor have an exponential dependence on the filler fraction of nanodiamonds. An enhancement in thermal conductivity up to 70% is reported for nanodiamond based thermal fluids. Additional electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis support the experimental data and their interpretation.

Nanodiamond aqueous dispersions as potential nanofluids: the determination of properties by thermal lensing and other techniques

“…Density measurements of nanofluids of inorganic particles (Al 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 5 , SnO 2 , and ZnO) in 60:40 ethylene glycol/water showed good agreement with this theoretical equation, but the deviation was higher for ZnO and increased with the particle volume concentration [8]. This equation is used for nanofluid densities for aqueous [9,10], mixed [11], and organic [12] ND dispersions. To use the equation, densities of the base fluid and particles are needed.…”

Nanodiamonds: From Synthesis and Purification to Deposition Techniques, Hybrids Fabrication and Applications

“…Improvements of NDs dispersion into polymers is also an important issue. For lubricants, mechanisms responsible for friction and wear properties have to be better identified and understood [190,196]. Indeed, they appear strongly dependent on the material involved in the contact with lubricant.…”

“…Addition of NDs in thermal fluids was investigated to improve viscoelastic and thermal properties [190]. Results showed a significant increase of the dynamic viscosity with NDs concentrations (range 0.01-0.1 wt%).…”

Strong enhancement in thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids by amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 nanoparticles

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]19 Such increment in the heat transport characteristics of base fluids suggests the crucial benefits which give credence to liquid coolants for moving heat away from electronic, optical, machinery, or nuclear reactor systems. [5][6][7]9 Various nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metal oxides have been added to EG for enhancing the thermal conductivity (TC) of base fluid and are potentially used in heat transfer system. 2,[5][6][7][8][9]19,21,[23][24][25] The nanofluids based on EG reveal a higher TC having nonlinear relationship with temperature.…”

“…[5][6][7]9 Various nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metal oxides have been added to EG for enhancing the thermal conductivity (TC) of base fluid and are potentially used in heat transfer system. 2,[5][6][7][8][9]19,21,[23][24][25] The nanofluids based on EG reveal a higher TC having nonlinear relationship with temperature. 23,29 A very recent report to examine the effects of nanoparticle size and temperature has been published focusing on the TC enhancement of water-based Al 2 O 3 nanfluids.…”