Nanodiamonds Doped with Manganese for Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging with great potential in biomedical applications like biomarking through fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy. The magnetic and optical properties of NDs could be tuned by selective doping. Therefore, we report multifunctional manganese-incorporated NDs (Mn-NDs) fabricated by Mn ion implantation. The fluorescent properties of Mn-NDs were tuned by inducing the defects by ion implantation and enhancing the residual nitrogen vacancy density achieved by a twostep annealing process. The cytotoxicity of Mn-NDs was investigated using NCTC clone 929 cells, and the results revealed no cytotoxicity effect. Mn-NDs have demonstrated dual mode contrast enhancement for both T 1 -and T 2 -weighted in vitro MR imaging. Furthermore, Mn-NDs have illustrated a significant increase in longitudinal relaxivity (fivefold) and transversal relaxivity (17-fold) compared to the as-received NDs. Mn-NDs are employed to investigate their ability for in vivo MR imaging by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Mn-NDs into mice with liver tumors. After 2.5 h of ip injection, the enhancement of contrast in T 1 -and T 2 -weighted images has been observed via the accumulation of Mn-NDs in liver tumors of mice. Therefore, Mn-NDs have great potential for in vivo imaging by MR imaging in cancer therapy.

A Review on the Design of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as MRI Contrast Agents

“…Fe@ND = 0.951 mL s −1 g −1 vs. r 2 ND = 0.145 mL s −1 g −1 , 7 T) [41]. Furthermore, we can mention that a particularity towards nanodiamonds was reported by Waddington and collaborators in their applications as MRI contrast agents without any lanthanide complexations using ultra-low magnetic fields [42][43][44].…”

Review on Medical Applications of Manganese Oxide (Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+) Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…Zhao et al [162] coated MnO 2 over gold nanorods covered by silica dioxide (SiO 2 ) and camouflaged myeloid-derived suppressor cells on the surface. Recently, nanodiamonds doped with Mn were reported by Kunuku et al [164]. The doping of Mn on nanodiamonds improved the relaxivity, i.e., longitudinal and transversal relaxivity was 5 and 17 times higher than the pure nanodiamond.…”

Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging

“…(b) Manganese-incorporated NDs and their application. Reproduced from ref . Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society.…”

“…In the T 1 - and T 2 -weighted images, the contrast was enhanced by the accumulation of Mn-NDs in mouse liver tumors. Thus, Mn-NDs have excellent potential for in vivo imaging via MR imaging in cancer treatment …”

“…Thus, Mn-NDs have excellent potential for in vivo imaging via MR imaging in cancer treatment. 629 Nyoong et al covalently attached amide-monomer-substituted benzothiazole phthalocyanine (NH 2 BzPc) to undoped and doped atoms of detonated NDs (DNDs): B@DNDs, P@ DNDs, S@DNDs, N@DNDs, and S&N@DNDs. Compared with the pristine DNDs, the nanoconjugates exhibited a HOMO−LUMO energy gap that was drastically reduced.…”