Nanodiamonds for Biomedical Applications – Features of Interaction with Blood Components and Behavior in the Circulatory System [Review]

Abstract

The development of the application of nanoparticles for biomedical research and theranostics in many cases involves the injection of nanoparticles into the bloodstream. The interaction of nanoparticles with blood components and the circulatory system is one of the key points of the relevant study or treatment. In this review, the interaction of diamond nanoparticles with blood in vivo and in vitro is considered in terms of the nanodiamonds safety and hematocompatibility and biomedical applications.

A Review on the Design of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as MRI Contrast Agents

“…Viability studies on human ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV-3) cells revealed no significant cytotoxic effect. This group presented in vivo longitudinal MRI monitoring experiments (7 T) for tracking cancer growth, morphology, and differentiation [31]. Subsequently, a second Gd-ND generation was designed through the grafting of Gd-DO3A-C 5 -COOH chelate (r 1 = 6.4 s −1 mM −1 , 1.41 T, 37 • C) onto amino-functionalized DNDs as aggregates [31].…”

“…This group presented in vivo longitudinal MRI monitoring experiments (7 T) for tracking cancer growth, morphology, and differentiation [31]. Subsequently, a second Gd-ND generation was designed through the grafting of Gd-DO3A-C 5 -COOH chelate (r 1 = 6.4 s −1 mM −1 , 1.41 T, 37 • C) onto amino-functionalized DNDs as aggregates [31]. A two-fold Gd 3+ content increase (~1.5 µmol Gd /mg of DND aggregates) was obtained compared to the first generation.…”

“…differentiation [31]. Subsequently, a second Gd-ND generation was designed through the grafting of Gd-DO3A-C5-COOH chelate (r1 = 6.4 s −1 mM −1 , 1.41 T, 37 °C) onto aminofunctionalized DNDs as aggregates [31].…”