Nanodroplet Activated and Guided Folding of Graphene Nanostructures

Patra, Niladri; Wang, Boyang; Král, Petr

doi:10.1021/nl9019616

Cited by 285 publications

(233 citation statements)

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“…DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.198002 The physics of liquid droplets in contact with soft or deformable solids, elastocapillarity, is an active subject of research. Between capillary origami and wrinkling instabilities of thin films [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], the bending, coiling, and winding of slender structures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and elasticitymediated propulsion of droplets [17][18][19], there is no shortage of complexity, self-assembly, or beautiful examples of pattern formation in the field. In addition, some recent results have forced us to question familiar concepts of solid-liquid interactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Liquid Droplets Act as “Compass Needles” for the Stresses in a Deformable Membrane

et al. 2017

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We examine the shape of droplets atop deformable thin elastomeric films prepared with an anisotropic tension. As the droplets generate a deformation in the taut film through capillary forces, they assume a shape that is elongated along the high tension direction. By measuring the contact line profile, the tension in the membrane can be completely determined. Minimal theoretical arguments lead to predictions for the droplet shape and membrane deformation that are in excellent agreement with the data. On the whole, the results demonstrate that droplets can be used as probes to map out the stress field in a membrane. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.198002 The physics of liquid droplets in contact with soft or deformable solids, elastocapillarity, is an active subject of research. Between capillary origami and wrinkling instabilities of thin films [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], the bending, coiling, and winding of slender structures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and elasticitymediated propulsion of droplets [17][18][19], there is no shortage of complexity, self-assembly, or beautiful examples of pattern formation in the field. In addition, some recent results have forced us to question familiar concepts of solid-liquid interactions. For instance, studies on the partial wetting of liquid drops on soft solids show that Young's law is applicable on length scales much larger than the bulk elastocapillary length γ=E, where γ is the liquid-air surface tension and E is the Young's modulus of the solid. However, on smaller length scales, the contact line reveals a wetting ridge set by a Neumann construction involving surface stresses [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].Partial wetting on deformable substrates may also be studied by employing a highly compliant geometry, such as a droplet on a thin freestanding film [27][28][29][30][31]. These studies have considered clamped films which are held taut and support a uniform and isotropic tension. As shown in Fig. 1(a), the Laplace pressure of the droplet creates a bulge in the film below it, in the shape of a spherical cap, which is of the same order in size as the droplet itself. The deformations generated may be orders of magnitude larger than the bulk elastocapillary length, because stretching of the membrane is the relevant mode of elasticity [28][29][30][31]. The contact line profile is determined by a Neumann construction, which incorporates both mechanical and interfacial tensions. This profile is characterized by the angles subtended by the liquid (θ d ) and bulge (θ b ) to the surrounding film [ Fig. 1(a)], which remains completely flat, i.e., the film's angle relative to the horizontal θ m ¼ 0. From the Neumann construction, these angles are set by two parameters: the Young's angle θ Y of the same solid supported on a rigid substrate and the ratio T in =γ, where T in is the total mechanical and interfacial tension acting inside the contact region of the membrane or drop system [31]. In the limit of infinite tension, the bulge vanishes and Young's law is recovered.In this stud...

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Liquid Droplets Act as “Compass Needles” for the Stresses in a Deformable Membrane

et al. 2017

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“…The resulting structures were still essentially two-dimensional. It has been suggested that chemical techniques could be used to create three-dimensional structures from graphene [22], or that nanoscale water droplets might induce graphene sheets to fold up like the petals of a flower [23,24]. However, none of these ideas have yet been demonstrated experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural transformation of graphite by arc-discharge

Harris

2011

Philosophical Magazine

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International audienceThe formation of novel structures by the passage of an electric current through graphite is described. These structures apparently consist of hollow three-dimensional graphitic shells bounded by curved and faceted planes, typically made up of two graphene layers. The curved structures were frequently decorated with nano-scale carbon particles, or short nanotubes. In some cases, nanotubes were found to be seamlessly connected to the thin shells, indicating that the formation of the shells and the nanotubes is intimately connected. Small nanotubes or nanoparticles were also sometimes found encapsulated inside the hollow structures, while fullerene-like particles were often seen attached to the outside surfaces. With their high surface areas and structural perfection, the new carbon structures may have applications as anodes of lithium ion batteries or as components of composite materials

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“…Elastocapillarity, the interplay between surface tension and elasticity, is of fundamental importance in many areas of research including microfluidics [1], self-assembly [2,3,4,5,6], substrate patterning [7,8,9], wetting of fibers [10,11,12,13,14], and biological systems [15,16,17]. One of the simplest geometries -the contact angle a liquid drop makes with a soft solid -has garnered a great deal of interest [7,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid droplets on a free-standing glassy membrane: Deformation through the glass transition

2017

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Abstract. In this study, micro-droplets are placed on thin, glassy, free-standing films where the Laplace pressure of the droplet deforms the free-standing film, creating a bulge. The film's tension is modulated by changing temperature continuously from well below the glass transition into the melt state of the film. The contact angle of the liquid droplet with the planar film as well as the angle of the bulge with the film are measured and found to be consistent with the contact angles predicted by a force balance at the contact line.

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Nanodroplet Activated and Guided Folding of Graphene Nanostructures

Cited by 285 publications

References 49 publications

Liquid Droplets Act as “Compass Needles” for the Stresses in a Deformable Membrane

Liquid Droplets Act as “Compass Needles” for the Stresses in a Deformable Membrane

Structural transformation of graphite by arc-discharge

Liquid droplets on a free-standing glassy membrane: Deformation through the glass transition

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