Nanoemulsions: A Novel Antimicrobial Delivery System

Hakemi-Vala, Mojdeh; Rafati, Hasan; Aliahmadi, Atousa; Ardalan, Afshan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52727-9.00013-3

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…30 Organic nanoparticles bring promising results, highlighting nanoemulsions that may contain antimicrobial drugs, essential oils with antimicrobial activity, or even the combination of both. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Numerous studies bring results when it comes to the use of inorganic nanoparticles using different plant extracts with antimicrobial and healing activities, which include silver nanoparticles, [38][39][40][41][42] titanium nanoparticles, 43,44 gold nanoparticles, [45][46][47] copper nanoparticles, 48,49 zinc nanoparticles, 50 iron nanoparticles 51 and manganese nanoparticles. 52 The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate an aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion at 0.25% (NM-Cl).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation</p>

Risso

Stopiglia

Oliveira

et al. 2020

IJN

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Introduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal-Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann-Whitney test was performed when difference was detected. Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation</p>

Risso

Stopiglia

Oliveira

et al. 2020

IJN

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“…Observed [12] that the methanol extract of T. terrestris showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, producing inhibition zone diameters of 17.3 and 23.2 mm respectively. [18] studied on antimicrobial effect of an aqueous extract of T. terrestris against some species of bacteria, which showed good antibacterial activity against E. coli, with an inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm.…”

Section: Ejua-ba | March 2024mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Tribulus Terrestris L. Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Bin-Obedaan,

Farea,

Abd-rabbo

et al. 2024

Electron. J. Univ. Aden Basic Appl. Sci.

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The experiment was performed on the plant Tribulus terrestris L. which was collected from Khobar region in Al Dhale’ Governorate, Republic of Yemen on March. The extracts used (aqueous and methanol) were prepared in Lab of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy – Aden University. The experiment was done on two types of bacteria, one Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial part of the experiment was carried out in the Microbiology Lab - University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen. The experiment was performed in triplicates, and using three factors (Type of solvent, Time and Concentrations). The results obtained were the following: The best solvent for extracting antibacterial substances was methanol in both bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The concentrations that produced the highest inhibition zones in E. coli were 600 and 800 mg/ml using well method, while in S. aureus the best concentrations were 400 and 600 mg /ml. The best result was obtained after 72 h using disk method on S. aureus, and using well method on E. coli. Interaction between concentrations and type of solvent showed that the best result was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 200 mg/ml against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 800 mg/ml. Interaction between different times and type of solvent indicated that the best result against E. coli was observed after 72h by aqueous extract using well method, while the best result against S. aureus was observed after 72h by methanol extract using disk method. Interaction between concentrations and different times showed that the best result was obtained after 72h at concentration 800mg/ml using well method against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was after 72h at concentration 400mg/ml using disk method. Interaction between type of solvent, concentrations and different times indicated that the best result in E. coli was observed after 72h by methanol extract at 200mg/ml using disk method, while the best result in S. aureus was observed after 72h by aqueous extract at 600mg/ml using disk method.

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“…They reported that thymol disrupts the integrity of the bacterial membrane, leading to the leakage of cell components ultimately causing cell death (Wang et al, 2017). Moreover, other molecules may be implicated in this antimicrobial activity, such as carvacrol and carvone ( Zhou et al, 2014;Hakemi-Vala et al, 2017).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Essential Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity and chemical constitution of essential oil from Moroccan thyme (Thymus satureioides C.) on five microbial contaminants

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial preservatives are widely added to health products to prevent microbial contamination. However, because of the risks attributed to several synthetic agents, manufacturers are searching for new natural agents. Therefore, this work investigated the different physicochemical characteristics of one of those natural ingredients, the essential oil (EO) of Moroccan thyme (Thymus satureioides C.) and its antimicrobial potential against five microbial strains. The physicochemical parameters (density, refractive index, optical rotation, miscibility, acid value, ester value, and flash point) were measured and the chemical composition was determined by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using disc diffusion method and a macrodilution broth method. The EO yield was 1.01% compared to the dry matter. Fifty-two compounds were identified. The major compounds were thymol (28.66%), borneol (21.16%) and α- terpineol (12.33%). The disc diffusion method revealed that all the strains tested showed sensitivity to the EO at concentration of 1636 μg per disc. For the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMC), similar results were obtained for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (640 μg/mL), for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (960 μg/mL) and for Candida albicans (800 μg/mL) baring Aspergillus brasiliensis, which had 480 μg/mL and 640 μg/mL for the MIC and MMC, respectively.

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Nanoemulsions: A Novel Antimicrobial Delivery System

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

<p>Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation</p>

<p>Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation</p>

Antibacterial Activity of Tribulus Terrestris L. Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Antimicrobial activity and chemical constitution of essential oil from Moroccan thyme (Thymus satureioides C.) on five microbial contaminants

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