Nanoemulsions for drug delivery

Wilson, Russell; Li, Yang; Yang, Guangze; Zhao, Chunxia

doi:10.1016/j.partic.2021.05.009

Cited by 171 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…It is an effective way of minimizing wastage of time and resources in experiments since it combines multiple factors at various levels in a small number of runs [ 20 ]. The formation of NEs depends on the dispersion of oil droplets in a continuous aqueous phase using an emulsifying agent [ 11 ]. Incorporation of the essential oil has a remarkable effect on droplet size and PDI, thereby affecting the efficacy and stability of the NE formations [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoemulsions (NEs), nanosized emulsions that are smaller than hundreds of nanometers in size, are applied in different areas such as cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. They have attractive characteristics, including high absorption rates and large surface area per unit volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can easily penetrate tissues and circulate in the body for a long time, thereby increasing the effectiveness of drugs. Additionally, they are attractive in nanomedicine formulations since they enhance the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs and reduce the severe side effects that may be experienced by patients [ 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gemcitabine-Loaded Nanocarrier of Essential Oil from Pulicaria crispa: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Activity

AlMotwaa

Al-Otaibi

2022

Pharmaceutics

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The limitations of gemcitabine (GEM) in cancer therapy are due to its poor pharmacokinetics, which cause undesired adverse effects. The current study was aimed at investigating the anticancer effect and apoptotic mechanism of synthesized nanoemulsion (NE) containing Pulicaria crispa essential oil (PC-EO) and GEM (PC-NE:GEM) on MCF-7 and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines. An optimized NE formulation was selected based on the Box–Behnken method. The droplet size of the optimized PC-NE was 9.93 ± 0.53 nm, but after GEM loading, it was increased to 11.36 ± 0.0.21 nm. Results from FTIR revealed that GEM was successfully loaded onto PC-NE. The antineoplastic effect of PC-NE:GEM on MCF-7 and Hep-G2 cancer cells was increased more than 100-fold relative to that of GEM. A combination index and isobologram based on CompuSyn software revealed the synergistic effect of the formulation produced by a 1:1 ratio combination of PC-NE and GEM. These findings were confirmed by examination of cellular morphologies. The combination formulation strongly induced about 4.48-fold and 2.95-fold increases in apoptosis in MCF-7 and Hep-G2 cells, respectively, when compared with GEM. Moreover, PC-NE:GEM produced a synergistic increase in ROS production in MCF-7 cells (15.23%) and Hep-G2 cells (31.69%), when compared with GEM. In addition, PC-NE:GEM enhanced the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through upregulation of expressions of p53 and Caspase-3, and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in MCF-7 cells, while the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, and p53 were upregulated in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that the GEM-loaded NE containing PC-EO may reduce the dose of GEM and eliminate the associated side effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gemcitabine-Loaded Nanocarrier of Essential Oil from Pulicaria crispa: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Activity

AlMotwaa

Al-Otaibi

2022

Pharmaceutics

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“…Every droplet of nanoemulsion exhibits a diameter of 10 to 200 nm which provides various benefits over conventional as well as other modern approaches like an encapsulation of large quantity of the drug, encapsulation of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs, enhanced drug absorption owing to reduced particle size, improved stability, ease of manufacturing, targeting to particular organ or tissue, improved bioavailability, improved aqueous solubility, delivery into several dosage forms, delivery into the body through various routes, substitute for liposomes or another vesicle, improved drug efficacy leading to reduced adverse effects, delivery of peptides prone to enzymatic degradation in GIT, improved drug permeation through the skin, and lack of limitations of macro emulsions like flocculation, creaming, and sedimentation, as represented by Figure 4 [ 59 – 64 ]. Depending on the presence of a disperse phase, the nanoemulsion can be classified into three categories: oil in water (O/W), water in oil (W/O), and multiple emulsion (W/O/W and O/W/O) [ 65 , 66 ]. Figure 5 depicts the structure and composition of water in oil (W/O) and oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions, with hydrophilic drugs enclosed within the W/O nanoemulsion and hydrophobic medications encapsulated within the O/W nanoemulsion, resulting in increased bioavailability [ 67 ].…”

Section: Nanoemulsion As Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revolutionary Blueprint for Mitigation of Hypertension via Nanoemulsion

Kumar

Virmani

Pathak

2022

BioMed Research International

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Hypertension is one of the most important causes of mortality, affecting the health status of the patient. At the same time, hypertension causes a huge health and economic burden on the whole world. The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are rising even among young people in both urban as well as rural communities. Although various conventional therapeutic moieties are available for the management of hypertension, they have serious flaws such as hepatic metabolism, reduced dose frequency, poor aqueous solubility, reduced bioavailability, and increased adverse effects, making the drug therapy ineffective. Therefore, it is required to design a novel drug delivery system having the capability to solve the constraints associated with conventional treatment of hypertension. Nanotechnology is a new way of using and manipulating the matter at the molecular level, whose functional organization is measured in nanometers. The applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine provide an alternative and novel direction for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and show excellent performance in the field of targeted drug therapy. Various nanotechnologies based drug delivery systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspension, nanoemulsion, liposome, self-emulsifying systems, and polymeric nanoparticles, are available. Among them, nanoemulsion has provided a niche to supplement currently available therapeutic choices due to numerous benefits like stability, ease of preparation, enhanced drug absorption, reduced hepatic metabolism, increased dose frequency, enhanced bioavailability, and encapsulation of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs. This present review provides an in-depth idea about progression in treatment of hypertension, constraints for antihypertensive drug therapy, need of nanoemulsions to overcome these constraints, comparative analysis of nanoemulsions over other nanostructure drug delivery systems, pharmacodynamics studies of nanoemulsions for treatment of hypertension, recent patents for drug-loaded nanoemulsions meant for hypertension, and marketed formulations of nanoemulsions for hypertension.

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“…Nanoemulsions are generally constituted by oil, water and a surfactant, with droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 1000 nm. According to their structure, NE can be classified in three types: oil in water (O/W), water in oil (W/O), and bi-continuous/multiple emulsion where micro domains of oil and water phases are inter-dispersed (W/O/W and O/W/O) [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quality by design approach for the synthesis of palmitoyl carnitine loaded nanoemulsions as drug delivery systems

Urea

Hernando

Barriga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Nanoemulsions (NE) are lipid nanocarriers that can efficiently load hydrophobic active compounds, like palmitoyl-L-carnitine (pC), used here as model molecule. The use of design of experiments (DoE) approach is a useful tool to develop NE with optimized properties, requiring less experiments compared to trial-and-error approach. The optimized formulation was studied for its stability, scalability, pC entrapment, loading capacity, and biodistribution in mice. NE were prepared by the solvent injection technique. DoE was implemented for designing pC-loaded NE, using a two-level fractional factorial design as model. NE were fully characterized by a combination of techniques, and biodistribution was studied ex-vivo after injection of fluorescent NE in healthy mice. We selected the optimal formulation of NE, named pC-NEU, after DoE analysis of four variables. pC-NEU incorporated pC in a very efficient manner, with high entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. pC-NEU did not change its initial colloidal properties stored at 4ºC in water during 120 days, nor in buffers with different pH values (5.3 and 7.4) during 30 days. The scalability process did not affect NE stability properties. Biodistribution study showed that pC-NEU formulation was predominantly concentrated in the liver, with minimal accumulation in spleen, stomach and kidneys.

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Nanoemulsions for drug delivery

Cited by 171 publications

References 150 publications

Gemcitabine-Loaded Nanocarrier of Essential Oil from Pulicaria crispa: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Activity

Gemcitabine-Loaded Nanocarrier of Essential Oil from Pulicaria crispa: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Activity

A Revolutionary Blueprint for Mitigation of Hypertension via Nanoemulsion

A quality by design approach for the synthesis of palmitoyl carnitine loaded nanoemulsions as drug delivery systems

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