Nanoengineering the Redispersibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Huntington, Breanna; Pitcher, Mica L.; Sheikhi, Amir

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00518

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…has the same effects on CNC as NaCl, resulting in screened charges and aggregation of the nanoparticles (Huntington et al, 2022). Similar behavior was observed by Danesh et al where they found two shear thinning regions at low and high shear rates with a plateau at intermediate shear rates when NaCl was added in amounts greater than 20 mM in 1 wt% sulfated CNC dispersions with a sodium counterion (Danesh et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Naoh Addition On Amine Degree Of Substitutionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of NaOH Addition on Cellulose Nanocrystal Functionalization with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Clouse,

Collins,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This article investigates the necessity of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) addition for the amine functionalization of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and its effect on nanocrystal reactivity with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The use of CNCs as a nanocarrier of active biomolecules has grown in the past decade. Previously, CNCs were produced by laboratory sulfuric acid hydrolysis protocols that imparted sulfate half-ester groups with hydrogen counterions. Because of this, researchers cited the need to add a deprotonating base such as NaOH before amination, a common precursor reaction for further biomolecule functionalization. However, current commercially produced sulfated CNCs have a sodium counterion instead of hydrogen. This work explores whether the use of commercial sulfated CNCs negates the need for sodium hydroxide addition in amine functionalization. We investigated the effect of 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution on the amination of 1 wt% and 2 wt% CNC dispersions. Following this step, CNCs were then further modified via EDC/NHS chemistry to attach 2,4-D. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy was used to qualitatively confirm attachment. Elemental analysis determined that the degree of amine substitution for all dispersions ranged from 5.4–6.7%. 2,4-D attachment to amine groups varied from 3.9–6.5% when NaOH was present to 7.1% when NaOH was not added. These results highlight how the evolution in CNC extraction methods has resulted in NaOH addition no longer being necessary for successful reactions when using commercially sourced sulfated CNCs with a sodium counterion.

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Section: Effect Of Naoh Addition On Amine Degree Of Substitutionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of NaOH Addition on Cellulose Nanocrystal Functionalization with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Clouse,

Collins,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Nanoparticles are prone to aggregate due to their large surface area, and a large amount of energy is required to redisperse the aggregated nanoparticles. It is particularly difficult to redisperse aggregated nanocellulose because of abundant strong hydrogen bonds among cellulose molecules, which is also a huge challenge for nanocellulose drying . Aggregation to some extent inevitably occurs during drying of the nanoparticle dispersion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulose Nanoparticles Extracted from Cattle Dung as Pickering Emulsifiers for Microencapsulating Phase Change Materials

Ding,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Nanocelluloses have attracted much attention in both academic and industrial fields. However, nanocelluloses, including cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers, are generally produced by a “top-down” strategy with tedious violent chemical reactions and energy-intensive mechanical treatments. Fabrication of nanocellulose via facile and green approaches with a low cost is always challenging and promising. The digestion of grass by ruminants resembles the extraction processing of nanocelluloses from plants. Herein, lignocellulose nanoparticles (LCNPs) were extracted from cattle dung via facile filtration and centrifugation separation methods, indicating that LCNPs occurred naturally in cattle dung and were formed during digestion of grass. LCNPs are mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose and possess an average diameter of ∼50 nm, high surface charge of −36.2 mV, and outstanding water dispersity. LCNPs show excellent Pickering emulsifying ability just as classic nanocellulose due to their partial wettability with both oil and water phases. LCNP stabilized Pickering emulsions were then employed as templates to prepare phase change material (PCM) microcapsules with melamine-formaldehyde shells to prevent leakage of PCM. The obtained PCM microcapsules display good thermal stability, durability, high PCM core content of 88.9% and phase change enthalpy of 214.3 J g–1, and are promising for thermal energy storage and temperature regulation applications. This study provides a sustainable approach to extract nanocellulose as Pickering emulsifier and will facilitate the high-value-added utilization of cattle dung.

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“…As the KCl concentration is increased from 0 to 200 mM, the hydrodynamic size of AHCNC decreases as the DCC chains shrink, while the CNC size increases due to aggregation (Figure 3H, ii) 122 . HCNC has unique properties compared with conventional CNC, as the protruding hairs affect the charge, functionality, stability, redispersibility, 123 and self‐assembly 124 …”

Section: Chemical Structure‐property Relationships In Nanocellulosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical structure–property relationships in nanocelluloses

Pitcher,

Koshani,

Sheikhi

2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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Nanocelluloses, nanoscale cellulosic particles or fibrils, are an appealing class of nanomaterials with enormous potential for sustainable development. They have great promise to target some of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. Nanocelluloses are derived from the most abundant biopolymer in the world, cellulose, which have multiple hydroxyl groups on their surface, enabling a vast range of chemical modifications. The interplay between the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses is crucial to engineering the next generation of green, functional nanomaterials. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive account of the structure–property relationships in nanocelluloses, which may establish the basis for the design of precision bio‐based materials. Chemical modifications of nanocelluloses, including hydrolysis, oxidation, esterification, amidation, and polymer grafting, provide an array of chemical and physical properties that open opportunities in a diverse spectrum of applications. We review how chemical modifications affect the physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses, such as thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and dispersibility in nonpolar media. Understanding nanocellulose chemical structure–property relationships is integral to the development of sustainable material platforms based on the most renewable biopolymer on earth.

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Nanoengineering the Redispersibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Effects of NaOH Addition on Cellulose Nanocrystal Functionalization with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Effects of NaOH Addition on Cellulose Nanocrystal Functionalization with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Lignocellulose Nanoparticles Extracted from Cattle Dung as Pickering Emulsifiers for Microencapsulating Phase Change Materials

Chemical structure–property relationships in nanocelluloses

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