The aim of this work is to synthesize and characterize
a nanostructured
material with improved parameters suitable as a chemiresistive gas
sensor sensitive to propylene glycol vapor (PGV). Thus, we demonstrate
a simple and cost-effective technology to grow vertically aligned
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fabricate a PGV sensor based on Fe2O3:ZnO/CNT material using the radio frequency magnetron
sputtering method. The presence of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes
on the Si(100) substrate was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy
and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopies. The uniform distribution of elements in both
CNTs and Fe2O3:ZnO materials was revealed by
e-mapped images. The hexagonal shape of the ZnO material in the Fe2O3:ZnO structure and the interplanar spacing in
the crystals were clearly visible by transmission electron microscopy
images. The gas-sensing behavior of the Fe2O3:ZnO/CNT sensor toward PGV was investigated in the temperature range
of 25–300 °C with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.
The sensor showed clear and repeatable response/recovery characteristics
in the PGV range of 1.5–140 ppm, sufficient linearity of response/concentration
dependence, and high selectivity both at 200 and 250 °C without
UV radiation. This is a basis for concluding that the synthesized
Fe2O3:ZnO/CNT structure is the best candidate
for use in PGV sensors, which will allow its further successful application
in real-life sensor systems.